Gayathri Rajagopal, Abirami Kuzhandhaivelu, Kalpana Natarajan, Manasa Valangaiman Sriram, Sudha Vasudevan, Shobana Shanmugam, Jeevan Raman Ganesh, Kavitha Vasudevan, Parkavi Karthikeyan, Anjana Ranjit Mohan, Unnikrishnan Ranjit, Gokulakrishnan Kuppan, Beatrice D Annette, Krishnaswamy Kamala, Pradeepa Rajendra, Mattes Richard D, Salas-Salvadó Jordi, Willett Walter, Mohan Viswanathan
Department of Foods Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jan 10;9:1055923. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1055923. eCollection 2022.
Asian Indians have an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and premature coronary artery disease. Nuts, like almonds, are rich in unsaturated fat and micronutrients with known health benefits.
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of almonds for reduction of insulin resistance and improving lipid profile in overweight Asian Indian adults.
This parallel-arm, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in Chennai, India on 400 participants aged 25-65 years with a body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m. The intervention group received 43 g of almonds/day for 12 weeks, while the control group was advised to consume a customary diet but to avoid nuts. Anthropometric, clinical, and dietary data were assessed at periodic intervals. Glucose tolerance, serum insulin, glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide and lipid profile were assessed at baseline and end of the study. Insulin resistance (homeostasis assessment model-HOMA IR) and oral insulin disposition index (DIo) were calculated.
A total of 352 participants completed the study. Significant improvement was seen in DIo [mean (95% CI) = + 0.7 mmol/L (0.1, 1.3); = 0.03], HOMA IR (-0.4 (-0.7, -0.04; = 0.03) and total cholesterol (-5.4 mg/dl (-10.2, -0.6); = 0.03) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Incremental area under the curve (IAUC) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) assessed using continuous glucose monitoring systems were also significantly lower in the intervention group. Dietary 24-h recalls showed a higher significant reduction in carbohydrate and increase in mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Daily consumption of almonds increased the intake of MUFA with decrease in carbohydrate calories and decreases insulin resistance, improves insulin sensitivity and lowers serum cholesterol in Asian Indians with overweight/obesity. These effects in the long run could aid in reducing the risk of diabetes and other cardiometabolic disease.
亚洲印度人患2型糖尿病和早发性冠状动脉疾病的易感性增加。坚果，如杏仁，富含不饱和脂肪和微量营养素，具有已知的健康益处。
本研究旨在评估杏仁对超重的亚洲印度成年人降低胰岛素抵抗和改善血脂状况的功效。
这项平行组、随机、对照试验在印度金奈对400名年龄在25 - 65岁、体重指数≥23 kg/m的参与者进行。干预组每天食用43克杏仁，持续12周，而对照组被建议食用常规饮食，但要避免食用坚果。定期评估人体测量学、临床和饮食数据。在研究基线和结束时评估葡萄糖耐量、血清胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、C肽和血脂状况。计算胰岛素抵抗（稳态评估模型-HOMA IR）和口服胰岛素处置指数（DIo）。
共有352名参与者完成了研究。与对照组相比，干预组的DIo[平均值（95%可信区间）= + 0.7 mmol/L（0.1，1.3）；P = 0.03]、HOMA IR（-0.4（-0.7，-0.04；P = 0.03）和总胆固醇（-5.4 mg/dl（-10.2，-0.6）；P = 0.03）有显著改善。使用连续血糖监测系统评估的曲线下增量面积（IAUC）和血糖波动平均幅度（MAGE）在干预组中也显著更低。与对照组相比，饮食24小时回顾显示干预组碳水化合物摄入量显著降低，单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）摄入量增加。
对于超重/肥胖的亚洲印度人，每天食用杏仁可增加MUFA的摄入量，同时减少碳水化合物热量，降低胰岛素抵抗，提高胰岛素敏感性并降低血清胆固醇。从长远来看，这些作用有助于降低患糖尿病和其他心血管代谢疾病的风险。
