Fogtman Anna, Baatout Sarah, Baselet Bjorn, Berger Thomas, Hellweg Christine E, Jiggens Piers, La Tessa Chiara, Narici Livio, Nieminen Petteri, Sabatier Laure, Santin Giovanni, Schneider Uwe, Straube Ulrich, Tabury Kevin, Tinganelli Walter, Walsh Linda, Durante Marco
Space Applications Services for ESA - European Space Agency, Space Medicine Team and SciSpacE, HRE-RS, European Astronaut Centre (EAC), Linder Höhe, D-51147, Cologne, Germany.
Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium.
NPJ Microgravity. 2023 Jan 27;9(1):8. doi: 10.1038/s41526-023-00262-7.
Human spaceflight is entering a new era of sustainable human space exploration. By 2030 humans will regularly fly to the Moon's orbit, return to the Moon's surface and preparations for crewed Mars missions will intensify. In planning these undertakings, several challenges will need to be addressed in order to ensure the safety of astronauts during their space travels. One of the important challenges to overcome, that could be a major showstopper of the space endeavor, is the exposure to the space radiation environment. There is an urgent need for quantifying, managing and limiting the detrimental health risks and electronics damage induced by space radiation exposure. Such risks raise key priority topics for space research programs. Risk limitation involves obtaining a better understanding of space weather phenomena and the complex radiation environment in spaceflight, as well as developing and applying accurate dosimetric instruments, understanding related short- and long-term health risks, and strategies for effective countermeasures to minimize both exposure to space radiation and the remaining effects post exposure. The ESA/SciSpacE Space Radiation White Paper identifies those topics and underlines priorities for future research and development, to enable safe human and robotic exploration of space beyond Low Earth Orbit.
载人航天正在进入可持续人类太空探索的新时代。到2030年，人类将定期飞往月球轨道、重返月球表面，载人火星任务的筹备工作也将加强。在规划这些任务时，为确保宇航员在太空旅行期间的安全，需要应对若干挑战。要克服的一个重要挑战，可能会成为太空探索的主要阻碍，就是暴露于太空辐射环境。迫切需要对太空辐射暴露所导致的有害健康风险和电子设备损坏进行量化、管理和限制。此类风险为太空研究项目提出了关键的优先课题。风险限制包括更好地了解太空天气现象和航天飞行中的复杂辐射环境，以及开发和应用精确的剂量测定仪器，了解相关的短期和长期健康风险，以及采取有效对策的策略，以尽量减少太空辐射暴露及其暴露后的残留影响。欧洲航天局/科学与空间（ESA/SciSpacE）的《太空辐射白皮书》确定了这些课题，并强调了未来研发的重点，以实现对近地轨道以外太空的安全载人及机器人探索。
