Bio-interface & Environmental Engineering Lab Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India.
Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India.
Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev. 2023 Oct;39(2):1187-1233. doi: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2169370. Epub 2023 Jan 29.
Magnetic hyperthermia is emerging as a promising alternative to the currently available cancer treatment modalities. Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are extensively studied functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications, owing to their tunable physio-chemical properties and magnetic properties. Out of various ferrite classes, spinel and inverse-spinel ferrites are widely used but are affected by particle size distribution, particle shape, particle-particle interaction, geometry, and crystallinity. Notably, their heating ability makes them suitable candidates for heat-mediated cancer cell ablation or hyperthermia therapy. Exposing SPIONs to an externally applied magnetic field of appropriate frequency and intensity causes them to release heat to ablate cancer cells. Majorly, three heating mechanisms are exhibited by magnetic nanomaterials: Nèel relaxation, Brownian relaxation, and hysteresis losses. In SPIONs, Nèel and Brownian relaxations dominate, whereas hysteric losses are negligible. These nanomaterials possess high magnetization values capable of generating heat to ablate cancer cells. Furthermore, surface functionalization of these materials imparts the ability to selectively target cancer cells and deliver cargo to the affected area sparing the normal body cells. The surface of nanoparticles can be functionalized with various physical, chemical, and biological coatings. Moreover, hyperthermia can be applied in combination with other cancer treatment modalities in order to enhance the efficiency of treatment.
磁热疗作为一种有前途的癌症治疗方法正在兴起。超顺磁氧化铁纳米颗粒（SPIONs）由于其可调的物理化学性质和磁性质，是广泛研究的用于生物医学应用的功能纳米材料。在各种铁氧体类中，尖晶石和反尖晶石铁氧体被广泛应用，但受粒径分布、颗粒形状、颗粒间相互作用、几何形状和结晶度的影响。值得注意的是，它们的加热能力使它们成为适合热介导的癌细胞消融或热疗的候选物。将 SPIONs 暴露于适当频率和强度的外部磁场中会导致它们释放热量以消融癌细胞。磁性纳米材料主要表现出三种加热机制：奈尔弛豫、布朗弛豫和磁滞损耗。在 SPIONs 中，奈尔弛豫和布朗弛豫占主导地位，而磁滞损耗可以忽略不计。这些纳米材料具有高磁化值，能够产生热量来消融癌细胞。此外，这些材料的表面功能化赋予了选择性靶向癌细胞并将药物输送到受影响区域而不损伤正常体细胞的能力。纳米颗粒的表面可以用各种物理、化学和生物涂层进行功能化。此外，热疗可以与其他癌症治疗方法联合应用，以提高治疗效率。
