Calzada Catherine, Vors Cécile, Penhoat Armelle, Cheillan David, Michalski Marie-Caroline
Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France.
Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jan 11;9:1108098. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1108098. eCollection 2022.
Sphingolipids are structural components of cell membranes and lipoproteins but also act as signaling molecules in many pathophysiological processes. Although sphingolipids comprise a small part of the plasma lipidome, some plasma sphingolipids are recognized as implicated in the development of metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Plasma sphingolipids are mostly carried out into lipoproteins and may modulate their functional properties. Lipids ingested from the diet contribute to the plasma lipid pool besides lipids produced by the liver and released from the adipose tissue. Depending on their source, quality and quantity, dietary lipids may modulate sphingolipids both in plasma and lipoproteins. A few human dietary intervention studies investigated the impact of dietary lipids on circulating sphingolipids and lipid-related cardiovascular risk markers. On the one hand, dietary saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic acid, may increase ceramide concentrations in plasma, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL. On the other hand, milk polar lipids may decrease some molecular species of sphingomyelins and ceramides in plasma and intestine-derived chylomicrons. Altogether, different dietary fatty acids and lipid species can modulate circulating sphingolipids vehicled by postprandial lipoproteins, which should be part of future nutritional strategies for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
鞘脂是细胞膜和脂蛋白的结构成分，但在许多病理生理过程中也作为信号分子发挥作用。尽管鞘脂在血浆脂质组中占比很小，但一些血浆鞘脂被认为与代谢性疾病和心血管疾病的发生有关。血浆鞘脂大多与脂蛋白结合，并可能调节其功能特性。除了肝脏产生并从脂肪组织释放的脂质外，饮食中摄入的脂质也会进入血浆脂质池。根据其来源、质量和数量，饮食中的脂质可能会调节血浆和脂蛋白中的鞘脂。一些人体饮食干预研究调查了饮食脂质对循环鞘脂和脂质相关心血管风险标志物的影响。一方面，饮食中的饱和脂肪酸，主要是棕榈酸，可能会增加血浆、富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白中的神经酰胺浓度。另一方面，乳极性脂质可能会降低血浆和肠道来源的乳糜微粒中某些鞘磷脂和神经酰胺的分子种类。总之，不同的饮食脂肪酸和脂质种类可以调节餐后脂蛋白携带的循环鞘脂，这应该成为未来预防心血管疾病营养策略的一部分。
