Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 13;13:1095129. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1095129. eCollection 2022.
Understanding persistent cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 will be of major importance to terminate the ongoing pandemic. Here, we assessed long-term immunity in individuals with mild COVID-19 up to 1 year after a localized SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. CoNAN was a longitudinal population-based cohort study performed 1.5 months, 6 months, and 12 months after a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a rural German community. We performed a time series of five different IgG immunoassays assessing SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses on serum samples from individuals that had been tested positive after a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and in control individuals who had a negative PCR result. These analyses were complemented with the determination of spike-antigen specific TH cell responses in the same individuals. All infected participants were presented as asymptomatic or mild cases. Participants initially tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection either with PCR, antibody testing, or both had a rapid initial decline in the serum antibody levels in all serological tests but showed a persisting T cell immunity as assessed by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 specificity of T cells for up to 1 year after infection. Our data support the notion of a persistent T-cell immunity in mild and asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 up to 1 year after infection. We show that antibody titers decline over 1 year, but considering several test results, complete seroreversion is rare.
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00022416.
了解对 SARS-CoV-2 的持续细胞和体液免疫反应对于终止当前的大流行将非常重要。在这里，我们评估了轻度 COVID-19 个体在局部 SARS-CoV-2 爆发后长达 1 年的长期免疫力。CoNAN 是一项纵向基于人群的队列研究，在德国农村社区发生 SARS-CoV-2 爆发后 1.5 个月、6 个月和 12 个月进行。我们进行了五次不同 IgG 免疫测定的时间序列，在 SARS-CoV-2 爆发后检测呈阳性的个体和 PCR 结果为阴性的对照个体的血清样本中评估 SARS-CoV-2 抗体反应。这些分析补充了同一个体中刺突抗原特异性 TH 细胞反应的测定。所有受感染的参与者均表现为无症状或轻症病例。最初通过 PCR、抗体检测或两者均检测到 SARS-CoV-2 感染的参与者，其血清抗体水平在所有血清学检测中均迅速下降，但在感染后长达 1 年的时间内仍保持 T 细胞免疫，通过检测 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 T 细胞来评估。我们的数据支持在感染后长达 1 年的 SARS-CoV-2 轻症和无症状病例中存在持续 T 细胞免疫的观点。我们表明，抗体滴度在 1 年内下降，但考虑到多个检测结果，完全血清转化率很少见。
德国临床试验注册处 DRKS00022416。
