Narimani Sajjad, Mozaffari Naser, Habibi Soola Aghil, Nasiri Ramez, Omidi Tahereh, Sedri Nadia, Tavan Asghar
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Nursing and midwifery, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2023 Feb 15;86:103547. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103547. Epub 2023 Jan 21.
Following the global spread of the Covid-19 infection, the Iranian government adopted measures to control the spread of the disease, but they were not applicable without the acceptance and interaction of the general population. This study used the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) components to attempt to determine risk communication and risk perception along with its influencing factors in Covid-19 disease among the population of northwestern Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of the province. Demographic characteristics and extended parallel process model questionnaires were used to collect data, which was then analyzed based on descriptive (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (-test, analysis of variance, regression, chi-square) in SPSS-25 software.
This study showed that 63.8% of the participants continually followed Covid-19 news, and 34% of participants used social media to get the news and warnings related to the Covid-19 pandemic. Among the domains of participants' risk perception for Covid-19 disease, the three domains of self-efficacy, response effectiveness and intention had the highest means compared with other domains. Significant correlations were found between risk perception and the dimensions of age, gender, marriage status, number of family members, place of residence, underlying disease, history of Covid-19, and family history of Covid-19 disease ( < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, self-efficacy, fear, defensive avoidance, intention, and behaviors were independent predictors of response efficacy ( < 0.001).
More than two years after the onset of the spread of Covid-19 disease, the risk perception of the disease among the study population was still insufficient in many areas. Risk of communication refers to the point of interaction between the government and the people, and the need to improve public trust in this issue is strongly felt.
随着新冠病毒感染在全球蔓延，伊朗政府采取了控制疾病传播的措施，但如果没有普通民众的接受和配合，这些措施就无法实施。本研究运用扩展平行过程模型（EPPM）的组成部分，试图确定伊朗西北部人群对新冠病毒疾病的风险沟通、风险认知及其影响因素。
本横断面研究在该省普通人群中进行。使用人口统计学特征和扩展平行过程模型问卷收集数据，然后在SPSS-25软件中基于描述性统计（频率、均值、标准差）和推断性统计（t检验、方差分析、回归分析、卡方检验）进行分析。
本研究表明，63.8%的参与者持续关注新冠病毒相关新闻，34%的参与者使用社交媒体获取与新冠疫情相关的新闻和警告。在参与者对新冠病毒疾病的风险认知领域中，自我效能感、反应效能感和意向这三个领域的均值与其他领域相比最高。在风险认知与年龄、性别、婚姻状况、家庭成员数量、居住地点、基础疾病、新冠病毒感染史以及新冠病毒疾病家族史等维度之间发现了显著相关性（P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示，感知易感性、感知严重性、自我效能感、恐惧、防御性回避、意向和行为是反应效能感的独立预测因素（P<0.001）。
在新冠病毒疾病传播开始两年多后，研究人群对该疾病的风险认知在许多方面仍然不足。风险沟通是政府与民众互动的关键，强烈感觉到有必要提高公众在这个问题上的信任度。
