Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2023 Apr 1;326:105-110. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.073. Epub 2023 Jan 30.
Previous studies have investigated challenging, difficult, or distressing classic psychedelic experiences, but little is known about the prevalence and associations of such experiences. Using nationally representative data of the US adult population (N = 2822), this study examined the prevalence and associations of challenging, difficult, or distressing experiences using classic psychedelics, in a subsample of respondents who reported lifetime classic psychedelic use (n = 613). Of the 613 respondents who reported lifetime classic psychedelic use, the majority of them (59.1 %) had never had a challenging, difficult, or distressing experience using a classic psychedelic, but 8.9 % of respondents reported functional impairment that lasted longer than one day as a result of such experiences. Notably, 2.6 % reported seeking medical, psychiatric, or psychological assistance in the days or weeks following their most challenging, difficult, or distressing classic psychedelic experience. In covariate-adjusted regression models, co-use of lithium, co-use of other mood stabilizers, and six set and setting variables (no preparation, disagreeable physical environment, negative mindset, no psychological support, dose was too large, major life event prior to experience) were associated with the degree of difficulty; and co-use of lithium, co-use of other mood stabilizers, and three set and setting variables (negative mindset, no psychological support, major life event prior to experience) were associated with overall risk of harm. In summary, this study provides insight into the prevalence and associations of challenging, difficult, or distressing classic psychedelic experiences. The findings broadly correspond with findings from previous studies and can inform harm reduction efforts and future experimental research designs.
先前的研究已经调查了具有挑战性、困难或令人痛苦的经典迷幻体验，但对于此类体验的普遍性和关联知之甚少。本研究使用美国成人人口的全国代表性数据（N=2822），在报告有过经典迷幻剂使用史的受访者亚组（n=613）中，使用经典迷幻剂的具有挑战性、困难或令人痛苦的体验的流行率和关联。在报告有过经典迷幻剂使用史的 613 名受访者中，大多数（59.1%）从未经历过使用经典迷幻剂带来的具有挑战性、困难或痛苦的体验，但有 8.9%的受访者报告说，由于这些体验，他们的功能障碍持续了一天以上。值得注意的是，有 2.6%的受访者在经历过最具挑战性、困难或痛苦的经典迷幻体验后的几天或几周内寻求医疗、精神科或心理援助。在调整协变量的回归模型中，锂共用药、其他心境稳定剂共用药以及六个设定和环境变量（无准备、不愉快的物理环境、消极心态、无心理支持、剂量过大、体验前有重大生活事件）与难度程度相关；而锂共用药、其他心境稳定剂共用药以及三个设定和环境变量（消极心态、无心理支持、体验前有重大生活事件）与总体伤害风险相关。总之，本研究提供了对具有挑战性、困难或痛苦的经典迷幻体验的流行率和关联的深入了解。研究结果与先前的研究结果大致相符，可以为减少伤害工作和未来的实验研究设计提供信息。
