Pang Feng, Long Qinqin
College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Mar;107(5-6):1515-1523. doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12412-8. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
Orf virus (ORFV), the prototype species of the Parapoxvirus genus, is an important zoonotic virus, causing great economic losses in livestock production. At present, there are no effective drugs for orf treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to develop accurate and rapid diagnostic approaches for ORFV. Over decades, various diagnostic methods have been established, including conventional methods such as virus isolation and electron microscopy; serological methods such as virus neutralization test (VNT), immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay. This review provides an overview of currently available diagnostic approaches for ORFV and discusses their advantages and limitations and future perspectives, which would be significantly helpful for ORFV early diagnosis and surveillance to prevent outbreak of orf. KEY POINTS: • Orf virus emerged and reemerged in past years • Rapid and efficient diagnostic approaches are needed and critical for ORFV detection • Novel and sensitive diagnostic methods are required for ORFV detection.
羊痘病毒（ORFV）是副痘病毒属的原型种，是一种重要的人畜共患病毒，在畜牧生产中造成巨大经济损失。目前，尚无治疗羊痘的有效药物。因此，开发准确、快速的ORFV诊断方法至关重要。几十年来，已经建立了各种诊断方法，包括传统方法如病毒分离和电子显微镜检查；血清学方法如病毒中和试验（VNT）、免疫组织化学（IHC）检测、免疫荧光试验（IFA）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）；以及分子方法如聚合酶链反应（PCR）、实时PCR、环介导等温扩增（LAMP）、重组酶聚合酶扩增（RPA）和重组酶辅助扩增（RAA）检测。本文综述了目前可用的ORFV诊断方法，讨论了它们的优缺点和未来前景，这将对ORFV的早期诊断和监测以预防羊痘爆发具有重要帮助。要点：• 羊痘病毒在过去几年中出现并再次出现 • 需要快速有效的诊断方法，对ORFV检测至关重要 • ORFV检测需要新颖、灵敏的诊断方法。
