Nowak Nicole, Diouf Friederike, Golsong Nadine, Höpfner Tobias, Lindtner Oliver
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
BMC Nutr. 2022 Jul 14;8(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s40795-022-00527-6.
With KiESEL, the Children's Nutrition Survey to Record Food Consumption, the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) collected representative food consumption data for children aged six months up to five years. KiESEL was one of five modules of KiGGS Wave2 (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents) conducted by the Robert Koch Institute (RKI). The objective was to update the consumption data for children in Germany and to fill a data gap for the age group of five-year-old children. The study provides an up-to-date and comprehensive database that will be used for exposure assessment, as part of risk assessment of Germany's youngest consumers.
In the years 2014 to 2017, 1104 children from all over Germany participated in KiESEL. During home visits, survey staff conducted a questionnaire-based interview including a food propensity questionnaire (FPQ) on seldom eaten foods and questions concerning consumption outside home, dietary habits and diet during first year. The interviewer measured the children's height and weight. Families and childcare workers filled out a food record, covering three consecutive days and one independent day. Data are based on the FPQ and present consumption frequencies. Depending on the question, socioeconomic status (SES) and migration background were considered.
1104 participants had an interview and filled out the questionnaire on usual food intake, seldom eaten foods and consumption away from home. They were included in sample1. 1008 of these participants additionally reported food consumption of at least three days (sample2). 91.2% of the children follow no special diet and 0.8% are vegetarians. 7% of the older children consuming soya-drink. For some foods differences in consumption across SES or migration status were noted. Children from families with higher SES consume more often soya-based substitute milk as families with lower SES (p < 0.00005).
KiESEL gathered up-to-date consumption data for more than 1000 children living in Germany, aged six month up to including five years. The data will be used for risk assessments of the BfR and provided to national and international partners.
德国联邦风险评估研究所（BfR）通过“儿童食物消费记录营养调查（KiESEL）”收集了6个月至5岁儿童具有代表性的食物消费数据。KiESEL是由罗伯特·科赫研究所（RKI）开展的德国儿童青少年健康访谈与检查调查（KiGGS Wave2）五个模块之一。其目的是更新德国儿童的消费数据，并填补5岁儿童年龄组的数据空白。该研究提供了一个最新且全面的数据库，将作为德国最年幼消费者风险评估的一部分用于暴露评估。
2014年至2017年期间，来自德国各地的1104名儿童参与了KiESEL。在家庭访问期间，调查人员进行了基于问卷的访谈，包括一份关于很少食用食物的食物倾向问卷（FPQ）以及有关外出就餐、饮食习惯和一岁内饮食的问题。访谈人员测量了儿童的身高和体重。家庭和儿童保育工作者填写了一份食物记录，涵盖连续三天和一个独立日。数据基于FPQ并呈现消费频率。根据问题情况，考虑了社会经济地位（SES）和移民背景。
1104名参与者接受了访谈并填写了关于日常食物摄入量、很少食用食物和外出就餐情况的问卷。他们被纳入样本1。其中1008名参与者还报告了至少三天的食物消费情况（样本2）。91.2%的儿童不遵循特殊饮食，0.8%是素食者。7%的大龄儿童饮用大豆饮料。注意到某些食物在不同社会经济地位或移民身份群体中的消费存在差异。社会经济地位较高家庭的儿童比社会经济地位较低家庭的儿童更常食用大豆基替代牛奶（p < 0.00005）。
KiESEL收集了1000多名居住在德国、年龄从6个月至5岁儿童的最新消费数据。这些数据将用于德国联邦风险评估研究所的风险评估，并提供给国内和国际合作伙伴。
