Faculty of Life Network Science, Seisa University, Yokohama, Japan.
F1000Res. 2022 Sep 27;11:1103. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.125159.2. eCollection 2022.
The development and dissemination of vaccines has made immunization possible and has led to the successful control and eradication of various infectious diseases in many parts of the world. However, even when vaccines that are said to be "effective" are offered, a certain number of people do not receive them, and this has become a problem known as "vaccine hesitancy". ItThe reason of "Vaccine hesitancy" is pointed out that there is not only because of the risk of contracting infectious diseases if they are not vaccinated, but also because of the lack of a collective immunity system. Vaccines are an effective means of acquiring immunity, but no matter how highly effective vaccines are developed, if the vaccination rate does not exceed a certain number, "herd immunity", which means that the risk of person-to-person transmission is reduced when a significant portion of the population becomes immune to, cannot be acquired. Therefore, how to increase the vaccination rate of the population is a major public health challenge. This paper reviews previous studies on "vaccine hesitancy" in Japan and analyzes people's hesitancy in terms of negative "rumors" about vaccines, risk perception of vaccine side effects, and sense of burden when receiving vaccinations. Then, the author will examine that the background of "vaccine hesitancy" is not only distrust of vaccines and risk perception of side effects, but also distrust of those who provide and promote vaccinations, such as medical professionals, government, and public administration. By using medical uncertainty which shows there are many unknowns and uncertainties in medicine and trans-scientific theory which indicates there are areas that science cannot answer this paper argues that the problem of "vaccine hesitancy" can be reduced if medical professionals and governments show sincere empathy and attitude toward victims of adverse vaccine reactions and those who hesitate to vaccinate.
疫苗的开发和传播使得免疫接种成为可能，并导致世界许多地区各种传染病的成功控制和消灭。然而，即使提供了据称“有效”的疫苗，仍有一定数量的人不接受接种，这已成为一个被称为“疫苗犹豫”的问题。“疫苗犹豫”的原因不仅在于不接种疫苗就有感染传染病的风险，还在于缺乏集体免疫体系。疫苗是获得免疫力的有效手段，但无论开发出多么高效的疫苗，如果接种率没有达到一定数量，就无法获得“群体免疫”，这意味着当相当一部分人口对传染病产生免疫力时，人与人之间传播的风险就会降低。因此，如何提高人口的疫苗接种率是一个重大的公共卫生挑战。本文回顾了日本以往关于“疫苗犹豫”的研究，并从对疫苗的负面“谣言”、对疫苗副作用的风险感知以及接种疫苗时的负担感等方面分析了人们的犹豫态度。然后，作者将探讨“疫苗犹豫”的背景不仅是对疫苗的不信任和对副作用的风险感知，还有对提供和推广疫苗的人的不信任，如医疗专业人员、政府和公共行政部门。本文利用医学不确定性（表明医学中有许多未知和不确定因素）和跨科学理论（表明科学无法回答某些领域的问题），认为如果医疗专业人员和政府对疫苗不良反应的受害者和那些犹豫接种疫苗的人表现出真诚的同理心和态度，“疫苗犹豫”的问题可以得到缓解。
