Metabotyping: a tool for identifying subgroups for tailored nutrition advice.

Diet-related diseases are the leading cause of death globally and strategies to tailor effective nutrition advice are required. Personalised nutrition advice is increasingly recognised as more effective than population-level advice to improve dietary intake and health outcomes. A potential tool to deliver personalised nutrition advice is metabotyping which groups individuals into homogeneous subgroups (metabotypes) using metabolic profiles. In summary, metabotyping has been successfully employed in human nutrition research to identify subgroups of individuals with differential responses to dietary challenges and interventions and diet–disease associations. The suitability of metabotyping to identify clinically relevant subgroups is corroborated by other fields such as diabetes research where metabolic profiling has been intensely used to identify subgroups of patients that display patterns of disease progression and complications. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the efficacy of the approach to improve dietary intake and health parameters. While the application of metabotypes to tailor and deliver nutrition advice is very promising, further evidence from randomised controlled trials is necessary for further development and acceptance of the approach.