Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.
Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology, Warszawa, Poland.
PLoS One. 2023 Feb 2;18(2):e0281179. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281179. eCollection 2023.
Lying appears in everyday oral and written communication. As a consequence, detecting it on the basis of linguistic analysis is particularly important. Our study aimed to verify whether the differences between true and false statements in terms of complexity and sentiment that were reported in previous studies can be confirmed using tools dedicated to measuring those factors. Further, we investigated whether linguistic features that differentiate true and false utterances in English-namely utterance length, concreteness, and particular parts-of-speech-are also present in the Polish language. We analyzed nearly 1,500 true and false statements, half of which were transcripts while the other half were written statements. Our results show that false statements are less complex in terms of vocabulary, are more concise and concrete, and have more positive words and fewer negative words. We found no significant differences between spoken and written lies. Using this data, we built classifiers to automatically distinguish true from false utterances, achieving an accuracy of 60%. Our results provide a significant contribution to previous conclusions regarding linguistic deception indicators.
说谎在日常口语和书面语中都存在。因此，基于语言分析来检测说谎尤为重要。我们的研究旨在验证先前研究中报告的真实性和虚假陈述在复杂性和情感方面的差异是否可以使用专门测量这些因素的工具来证实。此外，我们还研究了区分英语中真实和虚假话语的语言特征——即话语长度、具体性和特定词性——是否也存在于波兰语中。我们分析了近 1500 个真实和虚假的陈述，其中一半是文字记录，另一半是书面陈述。我们的结果表明，在词汇方面，虚假陈述的复杂性较低，更为简洁和具体，且包含更多的积极词汇和较少的消极词汇。我们没有发现口头和书面谎言之间的显著差异。我们使用这些数据构建了分类器来自动区分真实和虚假的话语，准确率达到 60%。我们的结果为之前关于语言欺骗指标的结论提供了重要贡献。
