Chaudhary Shivani, Ghosal Doyel, Tripathi Pravesh, Kumar Sachin
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
Biomater Sci. 2023 Mar 28;11(7):2277-2291. doi: 10.1039/d2bm01410f.
Biomaterial properties, such as surface roughness, morphology, stiffness, conductivity, and chemistry, significantly influence a cell's ability to sense and adhere to its surface and regulate cell functioning. Understanding how biomaterial properties govern changes in cellular function is one of the fundamental goals of tissue engineering. Still, no generalized rule is established to predict cellular processes (adhesion, spreading, growth and differentiation) on biomaterial surfaces. A few studies have highlighted that cells sense biomaterial properties at multiple length scales and regulate various intracellular biochemical processes like cytoskeleton organization, gene regulation, and receptor expression to influence cell function. However, recent studies have found cellular metabolism as another critical aspect of cellular processes that regulate cell behavior, co-relating metabolism to cellular functions like adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Now researchers have started to uncover previously overlooked factors on how biomaterial properties govern changes in cellular functions mediated through metabolism. This review highlights how different physiochemical properties of scaffolds designed from different biomaterials influence cell metabolism. The review also discusses the role of metabolism change in cellular functions and cell behavior in the context of bone tissue engineering. It also emphasizes the importance of cell metabolism as a missing link between the cellular behavior and physicochemical properties of scaffolds and serves as a guiding principle for designing scaffolds for tissue engineering.
生物材料的特性，如表面粗糙度、形态、硬度、导电性和化学性质，会显著影响细胞感知并附着于其表面以及调节细胞功能的能力。理解生物材料特性如何控制细胞功能的变化是组织工程的基本目标之一。然而，目前尚未建立起通用规则来预测生物材料表面的细胞过程（粘附、铺展、生长和分化）。一些研究强调，细胞在多个长度尺度上感知生物材料特性，并调节各种细胞内生化过程，如细胞骨架组织、基因调控和受体表达，以影响细胞功能。然而，最近的研究发现细胞代谢是调节细胞行为的细胞过程的另一个关键方面，将代谢与粘附、增殖和分化等细胞功能联系起来。现在，研究人员已开始揭示生物材料特性如何通过代谢控制细胞功能变化这一先前被忽视的因素。本综述重点介绍了由不同生物材料设计的支架的不同物理化学特性如何影响细胞代谢。该综述还讨论了在骨组织工程背景下，代谢变化在细胞功能和细胞行为中的作用。它还强调了细胞代谢作为细胞行为与支架物理化学特性之间缺失环节的重要性，并为组织工程支架的设计提供了指导原则。
