音乐刺激对早产儿胎盘编程和神经发育结局的影响：系统评价。
Effect of Musical Stimulation on Placental Programming and Neurodevelopment Outcome of Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review.
机构信息
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 3;20(3):2718. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032718.
BACKGROUND
The fetal environment is modulated by the placenta, which integrates and transduces information from the maternal environment to the fetal developmental program and adapts rapidly to changes through epigenetic mechanisms that respond to internal (hereditary) and external (environmental and social) signals. Consequently, the fetus corrects the trajectory of own development. During the last trimester of gestation, plasticity shapes the fetal brain, and prematurity can alter the typical developmental trajectories. In this period, prevention through activity-inducing (e.g., music stimulation) interventions are currently tested. The purpose of this review is to describe the potentialities of music exposure on fetus, and on preterm newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit evaluating its influence on neurobehavioral development.
METHODS
Databases were searched from 2010 to 2022 for studies investigating mechanisms of placental epigenetic regulation and effects of music exposure on the fetus and pre-term neonates.
RESULTS
In this case, 28 selected papers were distributed into three research lines: studies on placental epigenetic regulation (13 papers), experimental studies of music stimulation on fetus or newborns (6 papers), and clinical studies on premature babies (9 papers). Placental epigenetic changes of the genes involved in the cortisol and serotonin response resulted associated with different neurobehavioral phenotypes in newborns. Prenatal music stimulation had positive effects on fetus, newborn, and pregnant mother while post-natal exposure affected the neurodevelopment of the preterm infants and parental interaction.
CONCLUSIONS
The results testify the relevance of environmental stimuli for brain development during the pre- and perinatal periods and the beneficial effects of musical stimulation that can handle the fetal programming and the main neurobehavioral disorders.
背景
胎盘调节胎儿环境，整合并转换来自母体环境的信息到胎儿发育程序，并通过对内部（遗传）和外部（环境和社会）信号做出反应的表观遗传机制迅速适应变化。因此，胎儿可以纠正自身发育的轨迹。在妊娠的最后三个月，可塑性塑造了胎儿的大脑，而早产可能会改变典型的发育轨迹。在此期间，通过活动诱导（例如音乐刺激）干预进行预防。本综述的目的是描述音乐暴露对胎儿和新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）中早产儿的潜在影响，评估其对神经行为发育的影响。
方法
从 2010 年到 2022 年，我们在数据库中搜索了研究胎盘表观遗传调控机制以及音乐暴露对胎儿和早产儿影响的研究。
结果
在这种情况下，我们选择了 28 篇论文，将其分为三个研究方向：胎盘表观遗传调控研究（13 篇论文）、胎儿或新生儿音乐刺激的实验研究（6 篇论文）以及早产儿的临床研究（9 篇论文）。涉及皮质醇和 5-羟色胺反应的基因的胎盘表观遗传变化与新生儿不同的神经行为表型相关。产前音乐刺激对胎儿、新生儿和孕妇都有积极影响，而产后暴露则影响早产儿的神经发育和父母互动。
结论
这些结果证明了环境刺激对产前和围产期大脑发育的重要性，以及音乐刺激的有益效果，音乐刺激可以处理胎儿编程和主要神经行为障碍。
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