Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya str., 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Nanotechnology Research and Education Centre RAS, Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8/3 Khlopina str., 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 26;24(3):2435. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032435.
Membrane potential is a fundamental property of biological cells. Changes in membrane potential characterize a vast number of vital biological processes, such as the activity of neurons and cardiomyocytes, tumorogenesis, cell-cycle progression, etc. A common strategy to record membrane potential changes that occur in the process of interest is to utilize organic dyes or genetically-encoded voltage indicators with voltage-dependent fluorescence. Sensors are introduced into target cells, and alterations of fluorescence intensity are recorded with optical methods. Techniques that allow recording relative changes of membrane potential and do not take into account fluorescence alterations due to factors other than membrane voltage are already widely used in modern biological and biomedical studies. Such techniques have been reviewed previously in many works. However, in order to investigate a number of processes, especially long-term processes, the measured signal must be corrected to exclude the contribution from voltage-independent factors or even absolute values of cell membrane potential have to be evaluated. Techniques that enable such measurements are the subject of this review.
膜电位是生物细胞的基本特性。膜电位的变化表征了大量重要的生物过程，如神经元和心肌细胞的活动、肿瘤发生、细胞周期进程等。记录感兴趣过程中发生的膜电位变化的常用策略是利用有机染料或具有电压依赖性荧光的基因编码电压指示剂。将传感器引入靶细胞，并通过光学方法记录荧光强度的变化。已经在现代生物学和生物医学研究中广泛使用允许记录膜电位相对变化并且不考虑除膜电压以外的因素引起的荧光变化的技术。以前已经在许多作品中对这些技术进行了综述。然而，为了研究许多过程，特别是长期过程，必须对测量信号进行校正以排除来自与电压无关的因素的贡献，或者甚至必须评估细胞膜电位的绝对值。能够进行这种测量的技术是本综述的主题。
