Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Feb 14;23(1):325. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15258-x.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women can cause several complications for the mother and her baby, which are life-threatening. Thus, we aimed to find the prevalence of IPV and its associated factors in pregnant women in Shiraz, Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant mothers in Shiraz between July 2020 and January 2021. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: demographic data, socio-economic status (SES), obstetric and medical history, and questions about IPV. Univariate analysis was performed using Chi-square, McNemar, or Fisher's exact test, and variables with p-value < 0.20 were included in Logistic regression. The odds ratio and CI 95% for variables with p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
The overall prevalence of IPV was 93.1% among 830 pregnant women in Shiraz. Psychological violence was the most prevalent type (92.9%), followed by sexual (11%) and physical (7.7%) violence. High SES (OR = 3.21, (CI:1.61-6.41)) was the only risk factor for overall violence, and the age group, 30-34, was a risk factor for physical violence. Mother-desired pregnancy (OR = 26 (Cl:0.09-0.79)) and father-desired pregnancy (OR = 0.91, (CI:0.22-3.80)) were protective factors against physical and sexual violence, respectively. Furthermore, Psychological violence and sexual violence increased during COVID-19 Pandemic (P.value < 0.05).
According to the obtained results, the prevalence of IPV during pregnancy in Shiraz was very concerning, especially psychological violence. Improving conflict-solving skills among family members and addressing economic problems could be considered by health policymakers when designing interventional programs and policies to reduce IPV during pregnancy.
针对孕妇的亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）可能会给母亲及其婴儿带来多种危及生命的并发症。因此，我们旨在确定伊朗设拉子孕妇中 IPV 的流行率及其相关因素。
本横断面研究于 2020 年 7 月至 2021 年 1 月在设拉子的孕妇中进行。问卷包括四部分：人口统计学数据、社会经济状况（SES）、产科和医疗史以及有关 IPV 的问题。采用卡方检验、McNemar 检验或 Fisher 确切检验进行单变量分析，p 值<0.20 的变量纳入 Logistic 回归。p 值<0.05 的变量的比值比和 95%CI 被认为具有统计学意义。
设拉子 830 名孕妇中，IPV 的总体流行率为 93.1%。心理暴力是最常见的类型（92.9%），其次是性暴力（11%）和身体暴力（7.7%）。高 SES（OR=3.21，（CI：1.61-6.41））是总体暴力的唯一危险因素，年龄组 30-34 岁是身体暴力的危险因素。母亲期望怀孕（OR=26（Cl：0.09-0.79））和父亲期望怀孕（OR=0.91，（CI：0.22-3.80））是身体和性暴力的保护因素。此外，心理暴力和性暴力在 COVID-19 大流行期间有所增加（P 值<0.05）。
根据研究结果，设拉子孕妇怀孕期间 IPV 的流行率非常令人担忧，特别是心理暴力。在制定干预性计划和政策以减少怀孕期间的 IPV 时，卫生政策制定者可以考虑提高家庭成员解决冲突的技能并解决经济问题。
