Ghahramani Sulmaz, Najjari Bita, Bayattork Reza, Arab-Zozani Morteza
Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2024 Sep 10;38:104. doi: 10.47176/mjiri.38.104. eCollection 2024.
It seems that the prevalence of intimate partner violence increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. To investigate the prevalence of different types of IPV and its contributing factors on a global scale during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study. This study followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. All original studies, written in English that reported the overall prevalence of IPV or at least one type of IPV against women during the COVID-19 pandemic were included in this study. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in July 2023. Our general keywords included "Intimate Partner Violence", "Spouse Abuse", "Domestic Violence", "COVID-19", and "SARS-CoV-2". We used the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist to assess the quality of all included studies. We conducted a random effect model for meta-analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel method in comprehensive meta-analysis software Version 3. Each type of IPV is calculated as an event rate with a 95% CI for each variable. The I2 statistic test was used to assess the Heterogeneity.
Forty-one studies encompassing 14,615 participants met our eligibility criteria and were included in our study. The overall prevalence of IPV was 31% (95% CI: [24.2, 38.8], < 0.001). Based on type, the highest rate of IPV in the included studies was reported for psychological type (33%, 95% CI: [23.4, 44.3], = 0.004). The rates of IPV for economic, physical, and sexual types were 19.1% (95% CI: [12.2, 28.6], < 0.001), 9.5% (95% CI: [6.8, 13.1], < 0.001), and 8.5% (95% CI: [6.2, 11.7], < 0.001), respectively. Age, education level, being pregnant, and marital duration were among the most frequent influencing factors.
About one-third of women experienced IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological IPV emerged as the most prevalent type in the included studies. The most important factors were environmental, social, economic, cultural, and political factors. Age, education level, marital duration, being pregnant, and marital duration were among the most frequent influencing factors.
在新冠疫情期间，亲密伴侣暴力的发生率似乎有所上升。本研究旨在调查新冠疫情期间全球范围内不同类型亲密伴侣暴力的发生率及其影响因素。
这是一项系统评价和荟萃分析研究。本研究遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）清单。所有用英文撰写的、报告了新冠疫情期间亲密伴侣暴力总体发生率或至少一种针对女性的亲密伴侣暴力类型的原始研究均纳入本研究。于2023年7月检索了PubMed、Embase、Scopus和Web of Science数据库。我们的通用关键词包括“亲密伴侣暴力”、“配偶虐待”、“家庭暴力”、“新冠疫情”和“严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2”。我们使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所清单来评估所有纳入研究的质量。我们在综合荟萃分析软件版本3中使用Mantel-Haenszel方法进行随机效应模型的荟萃分析。每种类型的亲密伴侣暴力均计算为每个变量的事件发生率及95%置信区间。使用I²统计检验评估异质性。
41项研究共纳入14615名参与者，符合我们的纳入标准并纳入本研究。亲密伴侣暴力的总体发生率为31%（95%置信区间：[24.2, 38.8]，P<0.001）。按类型划分，纳入研究中亲密伴侣暴力发生率最高的是心理暴力（33%，95%置信区间：[23.4, 44.3]，P = 0.004）。经济暴力、身体暴力和性暴力的发生率分别为19.1%（95%置信区间：[12.2, 28.6]，P<0.001）、9.5%（95%置信区间：[6.8, 13.1]，P<0.001）和8.5%（95%置信区间：[6.2, 11.7]，P<0.001）。年龄、教育水平、怀孕状态和婚姻持续时间是最常见的影响因素。
在新冠疫情期间，约三分之一的女性经历过亲密伴侣暴力。在纳入研究中，心理亲密伴侣暴力是最普遍的类型。最重要的因素是环境、社会、经济、文化和政治因素。年龄、教育水平、婚姻持续时间、怀孕状态和婚姻持续时间是最常见的影响因素。
