The Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
The Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
SLAS Technol. 2023 Jun;28(3):142-151. doi: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.02.003. Epub 2023 Feb 19.
Light-based bioprinting is a type of additive manufacturing technologies that uses light to control the formation of biomaterials, tissues, and organs. It has the potential to revolutionize the adopted approach in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by allowing the creation of functional tissues and organs with high precision and control. The main chemical components of light-based bioprinting are activated polymers and photoinitiators. The general photocrosslinking mechanisms of biomaterials are described, along with the selection of polymers, functional group modifications, and photoinitiators. For activated polymers, acrylate polymers are ubiquitous but are made of cytotoxic reagents. A milder option that exists is based on norbornyl groups which are biocompatible and can be used in self-polymerization or with thiol reagents for more precision. Polyethylene-glycol and gelatin activated with both methods can have high cell viability rates. Photoinitiators can be divided into types I and II. The best performances for type I photoinitiators are produced under ultraviolet light. Most alternatives for visible-light-driven photoinitiators were of type II, and changing the co-initiator along the main reagent can fine-tune the process. This field is still underexplored and a vast room for improvements still exist, which can open the way for cheaper complexes to be developed. The progress, advantages, and shortcomings of light-based bioprinting are highlighted in this review, with special emphasis on developments and future trends of activated polymers and photoinitiators.
基于光的生物打印是一种增材制造技术，它使用光来控制生物材料、组织和器官的形成。它有可能通过允许以高精度和控制创建功能性组织和器官，从而彻底改变组织工程和再生医学中的采用方法。基于光的生物打印的主要化学成分是活性聚合物和光引发剂。描述了生物材料的一般光交联机制，以及聚合物的选择、官能团修饰和光引发剂。对于活性聚合物，丙烯酰胺聚合物无处不在，但它们由细胞毒性试剂制成。存在一种更温和的选择，基于双环[2.2.1]-2,5-庚二烯基，它具有生物相容性，可用于自聚合或与硫醇试剂一起使用，以获得更高的精度。用这两种方法激活的聚乙二醇和明胶的细胞存活率都很高。光引发剂可分为 I 型和 II 型。I 型光引发剂在紫外光下产生最佳性能。大多数可见光驱动光引发剂的替代品为 II 型，改变主试剂的共引发剂可以微调该过程。该领域仍未得到充分探索，仍有很大的改进空间，这为开发更便宜的配合物开辟了道路。本文综述了基于光的生物打印的进展、优点和缺点，特别强调了活性聚合物和光引发剂的发展和未来趋势。
