Fujita Masami, Kanda Miwa, Kiyohara Hiroyuki, Ikeda Saki, Iwamoto Azusa, Sudo Kyoko, Teshima Yuko, Nii Midori, Murata Yoji, Kato Jotaro, Komatsu Aiko, Yumino Aya, Sawada Takashi, Sato Hiroshi, Nakasa Tamotsu
Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Japan.
Migrants' Neighbor Network & Action (MINNA), Tokyo, Japan.
J Migr Health. 2023 Feb 16;7:100169. doi: 10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100169. eCollection 2023.
This study aimed to review the progress and challenges of COVID-19 vaccine roll-out for migrants in Japan and discuss the approaches to address the challenges and better prepare for future waves of COVID-19 and other pandemics.
We conducted a literature review using an assessment framework which we developed building upon existing frameworks and tools on access to health services and COVID-19 vaccination among migrants.
COVID-19 vaccination coverage among foreigners might be lower than that of nationals although the data on foreigners were not widely available. A gap appeared to exist between the government's efforts to disseminate vaccine-related information through multi-lingual websites and migrant communities as recipients. A series of barriers for migrants were identified at different stages of the vaccination process. While efforts were made by different units of local governments, NGOs, migrant communities, and international exchange associations, linkages across sectors and scaling-up appeared to be an issue. No foreigners were explicitly excluded from the entitlements of COVID-19 vaccination. The national level guidance, however, allowed sub-national levels to make a decision on whether or not undocumented foreigners should be reported to the immigration office or law enforcement when providing the services. In consequence, units in charge of public health and vaccination of some municipalities did not offer vaccination to those in need.
Migrants, especially those unregistered face various barriers in accessing COVID-19 vaccination. It is critical to assess and address challenges concerning channels of information dissemination, pathways to access services, obstacles for vulnerable migrants, and data for evidence-based actions.
本研究旨在回顾日本为移民群体开展新冠疫苗接种工作的进展与挑战，并探讨应对这些挑战的方法，以便为未来新冠疫情及其他大流行做好更充分准备。
我们使用一个评估框架进行了文献综述，该框架是在现有关于移民获得医疗服务和新冠疫苗接种的框架及工具基础上开发的。
尽管外国人的相关数据并不广泛可得，但外国人的新冠疫苗接种覆盖率可能低于本国国民。政府通过多语言网站和移民社区作为受众来传播疫苗相关信息的努力之间似乎存在差距。在疫苗接种过程的不同阶段发现了一系列针对移民的障碍。虽然地方政府、非政府组织、移民社区和国际交流协会的不同单位都做出了努力，但跨部门联系和扩大规模似乎是个问题。没有外国人被明确排除在新冠疫苗接种的权利之外。然而，国家层面的指导允许地方层面决定在提供服务时是否应将无证外国人报告给移民局或执法部门。因此，一些市政当局负责公共卫生和疫苗接种的单位没有为有需要的人提供疫苗接种。
移民，尤其是那些未登记的移民在获得新冠疫苗接种方面面临各种障碍。评估和应对信息传播渠道、获得服务途径、弱势移民面临的障碍以及基于证据行动的数据等方面的挑战至关重要。
