Gillen Jenna B, Trommelen Jorn, Wardenaar Floris C, Brinkmans Naomi Y J, Versteegen Joline J, Jonvik Kristin L, Kapp Christoph, de Vries Jeanne, van den Borne Joost J G C, Gibala Martin J, van Loon Luc J C
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2017 Apr;27(2):105-114. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0154. Epub 2016 Oct 6.
Dietary protein intake should be optimized in all athletes to ensure proper recovery and enhance the skeletal muscle adaptive response to exercise training. In addition to total protein intake, the use of specific proteincontaining food sources and the distribution of protein throughout the day are relevant for optimizing protein intake in athletes. In the present study, we examined the daily intake and distribution of various proteincontaining food sources in a large cohort of strength, endurance and team-sport athletes. Well-trained male (n=327) and female (n=226) athletes completed multiple web-based 24-hr dietary recalls over a 2-4 wk period. Total energy intake, the contribution of animal- and plant-based proteins to daily protein intake, and protein intake at six eating moments were determined. Daily protein intake averaged 108±33 and 90±24 g in men and women, respectively, which corresponded to relative intakes of 1.5±0.4 and 1.4±0.4 g/kg. Dietary protein intake was correlated with total energy intake in strength (r=0.71, p <.001), endurance (r=0.79, p <.001) and team-sport (r=0.77, p <.001) athletes. Animal and plant-based sources of protein intake was 57% and 43%, respectively. The distribution of protein intake was 19% (19±8 g) at breakfast, 24% (25±13 g) at lunch and 38% (38±15 g) at dinner. Protein intake was below the recommended 20 g for 58% of athletes at breakfast, 36% at lunch and 8% at dinner. In summary, this survey of athletes revealed they habitually consume > 1.2 g protein/kg/d, but the distribution throughout the day may be suboptimal to maximize the skeletal muscle adaptive response to training.
所有运动员都应优化膳食蛋白质摄入量，以确保适当恢复，并增强骨骼肌对运动训练的适应性反应。除了总蛋白质摄入量外，使用特定的含蛋白质食物来源以及蛋白质在一天中的分布对于优化运动员的蛋白质摄入量也很重要。在本研究中，我们调查了一大群力量型、耐力型和团队运动运动员各种含蛋白质食物来源的每日摄入量和分布情况。训练有素的男性（n = 327）和女性（n = 226）运动员在2 - 4周的时间内完成了多次基于网络的24小时饮食回顾。测定了总能量摄入量、动物性和植物性蛋白质对每日蛋白质摄入量的贡献，以及六个用餐时刻的蛋白质摄入量。男性和女性的每日蛋白质摄入量平均分别为108±33克和90±24克，相当于相对摄入量分别为1.5±0.4克/千克和1.4±0.4克/千克。力量型（r = 0.71，p <.001）、耐力型（r = 0.79，p <.001）和团队运动（r = 0.77，p <.001）运动员的膳食蛋白质摄入量与总能量摄入量相关。动物性和植物性蛋白质来源的摄入量分别为57%和43%。早餐时蛋白质摄入量占19%（19±8克），午餐时占24%（25±13克），晚餐时占38%（38±15克）。58%的运动员早餐时蛋白质摄入量低于推荐的20克，午餐时为36%，晚餐时为8%。总之，这项对运动员的调查显示，他们习惯性地摄入>1.2克蛋白质/千克/天，但一天中的分布情况可能并非最有利于最大化骨骼肌对训练的适应性反应。
