School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 Feb 1;15(2):119. doi: 10.3390/toxins15020119.
Frequent outbreaks of harmful cyanobacterial blooms and the cyanotoxins they produce not only seriously jeopardize the health of freshwater ecosystems but also directly affect the survival of aquatic organisms. In this study, the dynamic characteristics and response patterns of transcriptomes and gut microbiomes in gastropod were investigated to explore the underlying response mechanisms to toxic cyanobacterial exposure. The results showed that toxic cyanobacteria exposure induced overall hepatopancreatic transcriptome changes. A total of 2128 differentially expressed genes were identified at different exposure stages, which were mainly related to antioxidation, immunity, and metabolism of energy substances. In the early phase (the first 7 days of exposure), the immune system may notably be the primary means of resistance to toxin stress, and it performs apoptosis to kill damaged cells. In the later phase (the last 7 days of exposure), oxidative stress and the degradation activities of exogenous substances play a dominant role, and nutrient substance metabolism provides energy to the body throughout the process. Microbiomic analysis showed that toxic cyanobacteria increased the diversity of gut microbiota, enhanced interactions between gut microbiota, and altered microbiota function. In addition, the changes in gut microbiota were correlated with the expression levels of antioxidant-, immune-, metabolic-related differentially expressed genes. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of gastropods and intestinal microbiota response to toxic cyanobacterial stress.
有害蓝藻水华的频繁爆发及其产生的蓝藻毒素不仅严重威胁着淡水生态系统的健康，还直接影响水生生物的生存。在这项研究中，我们研究了腹足类动物转录组和肠道微生物组的动态特征和响应模式，以探索其对有毒蓝藻暴露的潜在响应机制。结果表明，有毒蓝藻暴露诱导了整体肝胰腺转录组的变化。在不同暴露阶段共鉴定出 2128 个差异表达基因，主要与抗氧化、免疫和能量物质代谢有关。在早期（暴露的前 7 天），免疫系统可能是抵抗毒素应激的主要手段，它通过细胞凋亡杀死受损细胞。在后期（暴露的最后 7 天），氧化应激和外源物质的降解活性起主导作用，营养物质代谢为身体提供能量。微生物组分析表明，有毒蓝藻增加了肠道微生物组的多样性，增强了肠道微生物组之间的相互作用，并改变了微生物组的功能。此外，肠道微生物组的变化与抗氧化、免疫和代谢相关差异表达基因的表达水平相关。这些结果为我们全面了解腹足类动物和肠道微生物组对有毒蓝藻胁迫的响应提供了依据。
