Azócar-Aedo Lucía
Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede De La Patagonia, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2023 Feb 1;8(2):97. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8020097.
Leptospirosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. This disease affects numerous animal species, some of them are classified as "maintenance hosts", and others are categorized as "incidental hosts". Humans are at risk of becoming infected by having contact with domestic and wild animals. In this paper, general aspects of the etiology and transmission of leptospirosis are addressed, data regarding the clinical presentation of the pathology in humans and animals are also presented, and the results of some epidemiological studies on leptospirosis carried out in Chile in different animal species and humans are summarized through a bibliographic review of the literature. The research on domestic canines and horses stands out in terms of their number in the country, with prevalences between 12.0% and 59.1% in dogs and from 23.3% to 65.4% in equids. Studies have been performed on domestic felines in recent years with frequencies ranging from 3.0% to 25.2%, as well as on wild animals (mainly in mammals). In pigs, cattle, sheep, and goats, the information is scarce, with little updated research dating back several decades and variable prevalence rates, which are generally high, except for in sheep. Leptospirosis is a disease of varied etiology in terms of infecting species, serovars and serogroups, which influences its epidemiology, and its prevalence is variable in different animals. An increase in the awareness given to this pathology in human and veterinary public health is required, as well as more scientific studies in Chile, to update the existing knowledge.
钩端螺旋体病是一种在全球范围内重要的人畜共患病。这种疾病影响众多动物物种，其中一些被归类为“储存宿主”，另一些则被归类为“偶然宿主”。人类因接触家畜和野生动物而有感染风险。本文阐述了钩端螺旋体病的病因和传播的一般情况，还介绍了人类和动物病理学临床表现的数据，并通过对文献的书目回顾总结了在智利对不同动物物种和人类进行的一些钩端螺旋体病流行病学研究的结果。国内对犬类和马匹的研究在数量上较为突出，犬类的患病率在12.0%至59.1%之间，马类的患病率在23.3%至65.4%之间。近年来对家猫进行了研究，频率在3.0%至25.2%之间，对野生动物（主要是哺乳动物）也进行了研究。在猪、牛、羊和山羊方面，信息匮乏，除了绵羊外，更新的研究很少，可追溯到几十年前，患病率各不相同，总体较高。就感染物种、血清型和血清群而言，钩端螺旋体病是一种病因多样的疾病，这影响了其流行病学，并且其在不同动物中的患病率也各不相同。需要提高人类和兽医公共卫生领域对这种病理学的认识，智利也需要开展更多科学研究，以更新现有知识。
