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小鼠认知健康衰老：通过富含麦角硫因的原基提取物增强记忆力。

Cognitive Healthy Aging in Mice: Boosting Memory by an Ergothioneine-Rich Primordium Extract.

作者信息

Roda Elisa, De Luca Fabrizio, Ratto Daniela, Priori Erica Cecilia, Savino Elena, Bottone Maria Grazia, Rossi Paola

机构信息

Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.

Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.

出版信息

Biology (Basel). 2023 Jan 28;12(2):196. doi: 10.3390/biology12020196.

DOI:10.3390/biology12020196
PMID:36829475
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9953177/
Abstract

Brain aging is a crucial risk factor for several neurodegenerative disorders and dementia. The most affected cognitive function is memory, worsening early during aging. Inflammation and oxidative stress are known to have a role in pathogenesis of cognitive impairments, and a link exists between aging/frailty and immunosenescence/. Based on anti-aging properties, medicinal mushrooms represent a source to develop medicines and functional foods. In particular, (He) displays several actions ranging from boosting the immune system to fighting senescence, due to its active ingredients/metabolites. Among these, Ergothioneine (ERGO) is known as the longevity vitamin. Currently, we demonstrated the efficacy of an ERGO-rich He primordium extract (He2) in preventing cognitive decline in a murine model of aging. We focused on recognition memory deterioration during aging, monitored through spontaneous behavioral tests assessing both memory components and frailty index. A parallel significant decrease in key markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, i.e., IL6, TGFβ1, GFAP, Nrf2, SOD1, COX2, NOS2, was revealed in the hippocampus by immunohistochemistry, accompanied by an enhancement of NMDAR1and mGluR2, crucially involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission. In summary, we disclosed a selective, preventive and neuroprotective effect of He2 on aged hippocampus, both on recognition memory as well on inflammation/oxidative stress/glutamate receptors expression.

摘要

脑老化是多种神经退行性疾病和痴呆症的关键风险因素。受影响最严重的认知功能是记忆，在衰老早期就会恶化。已知炎症和氧化应激在认知障碍的发病机制中起作用，并且衰老/虚弱与免疫衰老之间存在联系。基于其抗衰老特性，药用蘑菇是开发药物和功能性食品的一个来源。特别是，（某种蘑菇，原文未明确写出具体名称，这里用“He”指代）由于其活性成分/代谢产物，具有从增强免疫系统到对抗衰老等多种作用。其中，麦角硫因（ERGO）被称为长寿维生素。目前，我们已经证明富含ERGO的He原基提取物（He2）在预防衰老小鼠模型的认知衰退方面具有功效。我们关注衰老过程中识别记忆的衰退，通过评估记忆成分和虚弱指数的自发行为测试进行监测。免疫组化显示，海马体中炎症和氧化应激的关键标志物，即白细胞介素6（IL6）、转化生长因子β1（TGFβ1）、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）、超氧化物歧化酶1（SOD1）、环氧化酶2（COX2）、一氧化氮合酶2（NOS2）显著平行下降，同时N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体1（NMDAR1）和代谢型谷氨酸受体2（mGluR2）增强，这两种受体在谷氨酸能神经传递中起关键作用。总之，我们揭示了He2对老年海马体具有选择性、预防性和神经保护作用，对识别记忆以及炎症/氧化应激/谷氨酸受体表达均有影响。

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