Nwobi Obichukwu Chisom, Anyanwu Madubuike Umunna, Jaja Ishmael Festus, Nwankwo Innocent Okwundu, Okolo Chukwuemeka Calistus, Nwobi Chibundo Adaobi, Ezenduka Ekene Vivienne, Oguttu James Wabwire
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria.
Microbiology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Jan 24;12(2):242. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12020242.
was isolated from a total of 360 nasal and groin skin swabs from 180 systematic randomly-selected horses slaughtered for meat at Obollo-Afor, Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria and antimicrobial, methicillin and heavy metal resistance profile and virulence potentials of the isolates established. Baird-Parker agar with egg yolk tellurite was used for . isolation. . isolates were confirmed biochemically and serologically using a specific . Staphytect Plus™ latex agglutination test kit. The antimicrobial resistance profile, methicillin, vancomycin and inducible clindamycin resistance, and β-lactamase production of the isolates were determined with disc diffusion. Tolerance to Copper, Cadmium, Lead and Zinc was assessed using the agar dilution method and virulence potentials were determined using phenotypic methods. Forty-three (23.9%) of the 180 horses harbored . . Some 71 . were recovered from the 360 samples. Two (2.8%) of the 71 . were methicillin-resistant . (MRSA) and 69 (97.2%) were methicillin-susceptible. MRSA was recovered from 2 (1.1%) of the 180 horses. Some 9.4% of the isolates were multiple drug-resistant (MDR). The mean multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI) for the isolates was 0.24. Heavy metal resistance rate of the isolates ranged between 35.4-70.4%. The isolates, including the MRSA strains, displayed virulence potentials as clumping factor and catalase, gelatinase, caseinase, heamolysin, and biofilm was at the rate of 100%, 53.5%, 43.7%, 18.3% and 23.9%, respectively. This study showed that a considerable percentage of horses slaughtered in Obollo-Afor Southeastern Nigeria are potential reservoirs of virulent multiple drug- and heavy metal-resistant . , including MRSA, that could spread to humans and the environment.
从尼日利亚东南部埃努古州奥博洛-阿福尔地区为取肉而屠宰的180匹经系统随机挑选的马的360份鼻腔和腹股沟皮肤拭子中分离出菌株，并确定了分离株的抗菌、耐甲氧西林和重金属抗性概况以及毒力潜力。使用含卵黄亚碲酸盐的贝尔德-帕克琼脂进行分离。分离株通过生化和血清学方法，使用特定的Staphytect Plus™乳胶凝集试验试剂盒进行确认。通过纸片扩散法测定分离株的抗菌抗性概况、耐甲氧西林、耐万古霉素和诱导型克林霉素抗性以及β-内酰胺酶产生情况。使用琼脂稀释法评估对铜、镉、铅和锌的耐受性，并使用表型方法确定毒力潜力。180匹马中有43匹（23.9%）携带……。从360份样本中总共回收了约71株……。71株中有2株（2.8%）是耐甲氧西林……（MRSA），69株（97.2%）对甲氧西林敏感。从180匹马中有2匹（1.1%）分离出MRSA。约9.4%的分离株具有多重耐药性（MDR）。分离株的平均多重抗生素抗性指数（MARI）为0.24。分离株的重金属抗性率在35.4%至70.4%之间。包括MRSA菌株在内的分离株表现出毒力潜力，如聚集因子和过氧化氢酶、明胶酶、酪蛋白酶、溶血素，生物膜形成率分别为100%、53.5%、43.7%、18.3%和23.9%。这项研究表明，在尼日利亚东南部奥博洛-阿福尔地区屠宰的相当一部分马是包括MRSA在内的有毒力的多重耐药和重金属耐药……的潜在储存宿主，这些耐药菌可能传播到人类和环境中。
