Abe Satoshi, Onoda Keiichi, Takamura Masahiro, Nitta Eri, Nagai Atsushi, Yamaguchi Shuhei
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
Department of Psychology, Otemon Gakuin University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-8502, Japan.
Brain Sci. 2023 Jan 25;13(2):203. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13020203.
Feedback-related negativity (FRN) is electrical brain activity related to the function of monitoring behavior and its outcome. FRN is generated by negative feedback input, such as punishment or monetary loss, and its potential is distributed maximally over the frontal-central part of the skull. Our previous study demonstrated that FRN latency was delayed and that the amplitude was increased in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). As mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be a prodromal stage of AD, we speculated that FRN would also be altered in MCI, as in AD. The aim of this study is to examine whether MCI patients showed changes in FRN during a gambling task.
Thirteen MCI patients and thirteen age-matched healthy elderly individuals participated in a simple gambling task and underwent neuro-psychological assessments. The participants were asked to choose one out of two options and randomly received positive or negative feedback to their response. An EEG was recorded during the task, and FRN was obtained by subtracting the positive feedback-related activity from the negative feedback-related activity.
The reaction time to probe stimuli was comparable in the two groups. The group comparisons revealed that the FRN amplitude was significantly larger for the MCI group than for the healthy elderly ((1,24) = 6.4, η = 0.22, = 0.019), but there was no group difference in the FRN latency. The FRN amplitude at the frontocentral electrode positively correlated with the mini-mental state examination score ( = 0.41, = 0.043). The finding of increased FRN amplitude in MCI was consistent with the previous finding in AD.
Our findings indicate that monitoring dysfunction might also be involved in the prodromal stage of dementia.
反馈相关负波（FRN）是与行为及其结果监测功能相关的脑电活动。FRN由负反馈输入产生，如惩罚或金钱损失，其电位在颅骨的额中央部分分布最大。我们之前的研究表明，轻度阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者的FRN潜伏期延迟且波幅增加。由于轻度认知障碍（MCI）被认为是AD的前驱阶段，我们推测MCI患者的FRN也会像AD患者一样发生改变。本研究的目的是检查MCI患者在赌博任务期间FRN是否发生变化。
13名MCI患者和13名年龄匹配的健康老年人参与了一项简单的赌博任务，并接受了神经心理学评估。参与者被要求从两个选项中选择一个，并随机收到对其反应的正反馈或负反馈。在任务期间记录脑电图，通过从负反馈相关活动中减去正反馈相关活动来获得FRN。
两组对探测刺激的反应时间相当。组间比较显示，MCI组的FRN波幅明显大于健康老年人（（1,24）=6.4，η=0.22，P=0.019），但FRN潜伏期无组间差异。额中央电极处的FRN波幅与简易精神状态检查评分呈正相关（r=0.41，P=0.043）。MCI患者FRN波幅增加的发现与之前AD患者的发现一致。
我们的研究结果表明，监测功能障碍可能也参与了痴呆的前驱阶段。
