Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan.
Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 11931, Jordan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 17;24(4):4086. doi: 10.3390/ijms24044086.
The wide diversity of microbiota at the genera and species levels across sites and individuals is related to various causes and the observed differences between individuals. Efforts are underway to further understand and characterize the human-associated microbiota and its microbiome. Using 16S rDNA as a genetic marker for bacterial identification improved the detection and profiling of qualitative and quantitative changes within a bacterial population. In this light, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic concepts and clinical applications of the respiratory microbiome, alongside an in-depth explanation of the molecular targets and the potential relationship between the respiratory microbiome and respiratory disease pathogenesis. The paucity of robust evidence supporting the correlation between the respiratory microbiome and disease pathogenesis is currently the main challenge for not considering the microbiome as a novel druggable target for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, further studies are needed, especially prospective studies, to identify other drivers of microbiome diversity and to better understand the changes in the lung microbiome along with the potential association with disease and medications. Thus, finding a therapeutic target and unfolding its clinical significance would be crucial.
微生物组在不同个体和部位的种属和物种水平上存在广泛的多样性，这与各种原因和个体之间的差异有关。目前正在努力进一步了解和描述与人类相关的微生物组及其微生物组。使用 16S rDNA 作为细菌鉴定的遗传标记，提高了对细菌种群内定性和定量变化的检测和分析能力。有鉴于此，本综述全面概述了呼吸微生物组的基本概念和临床应用，并深入解释了分子靶标以及呼吸微生物组与呼吸疾病发病机制之间的潜在关系。目前，支持呼吸微生物组与疾病发病机制之间相关性的有力证据不足，这是不将微生物组视为治疗干预的新型可用药靶的主要挑战。因此，需要进一步研究，特别是前瞻性研究，以确定微生物组多样性的其他驱动因素，并更好地了解肺部微生物组的变化及其与疾病和药物的潜在关联。因此，找到治疗靶点并揭示其临床意义至关重要。
