Dou Yabin, Wen Mengying, Shen Hui, Zhang Sheng, Jiang Ge, Qiao Yi, Cheng Jie, Cao Xiaohui, Wan Xihe, Sun Xiaoman
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Marine Biology Lab, Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China.
Life (Basel). 2023 Feb 14;13(2):525. doi: 10.3390/life13020525.
The sustainability of shrimp aquaculture can be achieved through the development of greenhouse and aquaponic rearing modes, which are classified as heterotrophic and autotrophic bacterial aquaculture systems. However, there have been few investigations into the discrepancies between the intestinal and water microbiota of these two rearing methods. In this study, we collected shrimp samples from greenhouse-rearing (WG) and aquaponic-rearing (YG) ponds, and water samples (WE, YE), and investigated the intestinal and water microbiota between the two rearing modes. The results, through alpha and beta diversity analyses, reveal that there was basically no significant difference between shrimp intestine WG and YG ( > 0.05) or between rearing water WE and YE ( > 0.05). At the phylum and genus levels, the common bacteria between WE and WG differed significantly from those of YE and YG. The analysis of the top six phyla shows that Proteobacteria and Patescibacteria were significantly more abundant in the WG group than those in the YG group ( < 0.05). Conversely, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobiota were significantly more abundant in the YG group than those in the WG group ( < 0.05). Venn analysis between WE and WG shows that , , , and were the dominant bacteria genera, while , , and were the dominant bacteria genera between YE and YG. Pathways such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, microbial metabolism in different environments, and carbon metabolism were significantly more upregulated in WG than those in YG ( < 0.05). In addition, pathways such as sulfate, chloroplast, phototrophy, and the nitrogen metabolism were significantly different between the WE and YE samples. These findings suggest that the greenhouse mode, a typical heterotrophic bacterial model, contains bacterial flora consisting of , , and other bacteria, which is indicative of the biological sludge process. Conversely, the aquaponic mode, an autotrophic bacterial model, was characterized by , , and other bacteria, signifying the autotrophic biological process. This research provides an extensive understanding of heterotrophic and autotrophic bacterial aquaculture systems.
对虾养殖的可持续性可通过发展温室养殖和鱼菜共生养殖模式来实现，这两种模式分别归类为异养细菌养殖系统和自养细菌养殖系统。然而，关于这两种养殖方式的肠道微生物群和水体微生物群之间差异的研究却很少。在本研究中，我们从温室养殖（WG）池塘和鱼菜共生养殖（YG）池塘采集了对虾样本以及水样（WE、YE），并调查了两种养殖模式下的肠道微生物群和水体微生物群。通过α和β多样性分析结果表明，对虾肠道的WG和YG之间（>0.05）或养殖水体的WE和YE之间（>0.05）基本没有显著差异。在门和属水平上，WE和WG之间的常见细菌与YE和YG之间的显著不同。对前六大菌门的分析表明，变形菌门和Patescibacteria在WG组中的丰度显著高于YG组（<0.05）。相反，放线菌门、厚壁菌门和疣微菌门在YG组中的丰度显著高于WG组（<0.05）。WE和WG之间的维恩分析表明， 、 、 和 是优势细菌属，而 、 和 是YE和YG之间的优势细菌属。次生代谢物的生物合成、不同环境中的微生物代谢和碳代谢等途径在WG中比在YG中显著上调（<0.05）。此外，WE和YE样本之间的硫酸盐、叶绿体、光养作用和氮代谢等途径也存在显著差异。这些发现表明，温室模式作为一种典型的异养细菌模型，包含由 、 、 等细菌组成的菌群，这表明了生物污泥过程。相反，鱼菜共生模式作为一种自养细菌模型，其特征是 、 、 等细菌，意味着自养生物过程。本研究为异养细菌和自养细菌养殖系统提供了广泛的认识。
