Clinical Science Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Feb 1;59(2):287. doi: 10.3390/medicina59020287.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy-related endocrinopathies, affecting up to 25% of pregnancies globally. GDM increases the risk of perinatal and delivery complications, and the chance of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications, including cardiovascular diseases. This elevated risk is then passed on to the next generation, creating a cycle of metabolic dysfunction across generations. For many years, GDM preventive measures have had inconsistent results, but recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have identified promising new preventative routes. This review aims to summarize the evidence investigating the efficacy of lifestyle treatments for the prevention of GDM and to summarize the effects of two lifestyle interventions, including physical activity and dietary interventions. Based on the present research, future studies should be conducted to investigate whether initiating lifestyle interventions during the preconception period is more beneficial in preventing GDM. In addition, research targeting pregnancy should be designed with a personalized approach. Therefore, studies should customize intervention approaches depending on the presence of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors at the individual level.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是最常见的妊娠相关内分泌疾病之一，全球约有 25%的妊娠受其影响。GDM 会增加围产期和分娩并发症的风险，以及发展为 2 型糖尿病及其并发症（包括心血管疾病）的几率。这种风险升高会传递给下一代，导致代际之间代谢功能障碍的循环。多年来，GDM 的预防措施一直没有取得一致的结果，但最近的系统评价和荟萃分析已经确定了有希望的新预防途径。本综述旨在总结关于生活方式治疗预防 GDM 的疗效的证据，并总结两种生活方式干预措施（包括体力活动和饮食干预）的效果。基于目前的研究，未来的研究应该调查在备孕期间开始生活方式干预是否更有益于预防 GDM。此外，针对妊娠的研究应该采用个性化的方法。因此，研究应该根据个体水平上可改变和不可改变的风险因素的存在，定制干预方法。
