Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Molecules. 2023 Feb 10;28(4):1689. doi: 10.3390/molecules28041689.
Phthalates are chemicals that are extensively used in the manufacturing of cosmetic products. The occurrence of phthalate esters in personal care products may pose adverse effects on consumers' health. In this work, a simple, fast and reliable GC-MS method was developed and validated for concurrent determination of phthalate esters in fragrances. Simple procedures were employed for sample preparation and clean up. The recoveries achieved were in the range of 94.9% to 105.6% with RSD ≤ 4.06. The detection limits were in the range of 0.0010 to 0.0021 µg/mL. The GC-MS method was utilized to investigate the occurrence of phthalate esters in different brands of perfumes sold in the Saudi Arabian market. Diethyl phthalate was detected in all analyzed samples, with a maximum concentration of 5766 µg/mL, and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was detected in the majority of the analyzed samples (95%), with a mean concentration of 55.9 µg/mL and a highest concentration of 377.7 µg/mL. Additionally, the exposure to phthalate esters due to the consumption of perfumes was investigated among the adult Saudi population for the first time. It was found that the systemic exposure dose, measured at mean concentrations, ranged from 4.59 × 10 to 4.29 × 10 (mg/kg/day) and from 5.00 × 10 to 4.68 × 10 (mg/kg/day) for male and female users, respectively. Moreover, the non-carcinogenic risk of the investigated phthalate esters and the carcinogenic risk of DEHP were also evaluated. The non-carcinogenic risk values of the detected phthalate esters were greater than 100, which indicates that exposure to these phthalate esters is unlikely to produce non-carcinogenic health effects to consumers. However, at maximum DEHP concentrations, the carcinogenic risk values were 5.49 × 10 for male users and 5.98 × 10 for female users, which indicates the possibility of DEHP to pose a carcinogenic health effect if present at high levels. Regular monitoring of undeclared chemicals such as phthalate esters in personal care products marketed in Saudi Arabia is extremely important to ensure consumers' safety. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to assess the health risk associated with consumption of perfumes in Saudi Arabia.
邻苯二甲酸酯是一种广泛应用于化妆品制造的化学物质。个人护理产品中邻苯二甲酸酯的存在可能对消费者的健康产生不良影响。在这项工作中，开发并验证了一种简单、快速和可靠的 GC-MS 方法，用于同时测定香精中的邻苯二甲酸酯。样品制备和净化采用简单的程序。回收率在 94.9%至 105.6%之间，RSD≤4.06。检测限在 0.0010 至 0.0021μg/mL 之间。利用 GC-MS 方法研究了沙特阿拉伯市场上不同品牌香水的邻苯二甲酸酯的存在情况。所有分析样品中均检测到邻苯二甲酸二乙酯，最高浓度为 5766μg/mL，大多数分析样品（95%）中均检测到邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯，平均浓度为 55.9μg/mL，最高浓度为 377.7μg/mL。此外，首次对沙特成年人因使用香水而接触邻苯二甲酸酯的情况进行了调查。结果发现，以平均浓度测量的系统暴露剂量，男性和女性使用者的范围分别为 4.59×10-4 至 4.29×10-4（mg/kg/天）和 5.00×10-4 至 4.68×10-4（mg/kg/天）。此外，还评估了所研究的邻苯二甲酸酯的非致癌风险和 DEHP 的致癌风险。所检测到的邻苯二甲酸酯的非致癌风险值大于 100，这表明接触这些邻苯二甲酸酯不太可能对消费者产生非致癌健康影响。然而，在最大 DEHP 浓度下，男性使用者的致癌风险值为 5.49×10-4，女性使用者的致癌风险值为 5.98×10-4，这表明如果高浓度存在，DEHP 可能会产生致癌健康影响。定期监测沙特阿拉伯市场上个人护理产品中未申报的化学物质，如邻苯二甲酸酯，对确保消费者的安全极为重要。据作者所知，这是首次评估沙特阿拉伯消费香水相关的健康风险的研究。
