Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Feb 16;15(4):979. doi: 10.3390/nu15040979.
The first 1000 days of life represents a critical period for lifelong metabolic health. This study prospectively examined the contrasts between the growth trajectories of large, small, and appropriate sizes for gestational age (LGA, SGA, and AGA) term-born infants in their first two years, and their blood pressure at two years. In 2012-2013, 806 Chinese mother-newborn dyads were enrolled in the Shanghai Obesity and Allergy Birth Cohort Study. Repeated anthropometric measures were obtained at age 42 days, and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were measured at two years of age. Linear random effect models were employed to evaluate growth trajectory differences between LGA, SGA, and AGA infants. Of the study infants, 12.4% were LGA and 4.0% SGA. Length, weight, and weight-for-length z-score (ZWFL) were all consistently higher in LGA infants and lower in SGA infants than AGA infants. SGA infants had a higher ZWFL (0.11 unit/month; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.19) and a higher BMI (0.19; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.28 kg/m per month) growth velocity at age 0-6 months, relative to AGA infants. SGA was associated with 6.4 (0.4-12.4) mmHg higher SBP, and LGA was associated with 2.9 (95% CI -5.2, -0.5) mmHg lower DBP at two years of age in boys, however, not in girls. In conclusion, in this prospective birth cohort with repeated anthropometric measures and BP at two years of age, LGA, SGA, and AGA term-born infants manifested differential patterns of weight growth trajectory and BP, providing new insight into developmental origins of cardiometabolic health.
生命的头 1000 天代表着终身代谢健康的关键时期。本研究前瞻性地考察了头两年内大、小、适合胎龄（LGA、SGA 和 AGA）足月出生婴儿的生长轨迹差异，以及他们两岁时的血压。2012-2013 年，806 对中国母婴对纳入上海肥胖与过敏出生队列研究。在 42 天、3、6、9、12、18 和 24 个月时重复进行人体测量。在两岁时测量收缩压和舒张压（SBP、DBP）。线性随机效应模型用于评估 LGA、SGA 和 AGA 婴儿生长轨迹差异。在研究婴儿中，12.4%为 LGA，4.0%为 SGA。LGA 婴儿的身长、体重和体重身长 Z 评分（ZWFL）均高于 AGA 婴儿，SGA 婴儿低于 AGA 婴儿。SGA 婴儿在 0-6 个月时的 ZWFL（0.11 单位/月；95%CI：0.04，0.19）和 BMI（0.19；95%CI：0.09，0.28kg/m 每月）生长速度更高，与 AGA 婴儿相比。SGA 与男孩两岁时 SBP 高 6.4（0.4-12.4）mmHg 相关，LGA 与 DBP 低 2.9（95%CI-5.2，-0.5）mmHg 相关，但在女孩中则没有。总之，在这项具有两年重复人体测量和血压的前瞻性出生队列研究中，LGA、SGA 和 AGA 足月出生婴儿表现出不同的体重生长轨迹和血压模式，为心脏代谢健康的发育起源提供了新的见解。
