Zafar Amna, Arshad Raffia, Ur Rehman Asim, Ahmed Naveed, Akhtar Hashaam
Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Yusra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yusra Medical and Dental College, Islamabad 45730, Pakistan.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Feb 20;11(2):490. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020490.
As oral administration of vaccines is the preferred route due to its high patient compliance and ability to stimulate both cellular and humoral immune responses, it is also associated with several challenges that include denaturation of vaccine components in the acidic environment of the stomach, degradation from proteolytic enzymes, and poor absorption through the intestinal membrane. To achieve effective delivery of such biomolecules, there is a need to investigate novel strategies of formulation development that can overcome the barriers associated with conventional vaccine delivery systems. Nanoparticles are advanced drug delivery carriers that provide target-oriented delivery by encapsulating vaccine components within them, thus making them stable against unfavorable conditions. This review provides a detailed overview of the different types of nanocarriers and various approaches that can enhance oral vaccine delivery.
由于口服疫苗具有较高的患者依从性，且能够刺激细胞免疫和体液免疫反应，因此是首选的给药途径，但它也面临一些挑战，包括疫苗成分在胃的酸性环境中变性、被蛋白水解酶降解以及通过肠膜的吸收不良。为了实现此类生物分子的有效递送，有必要研究新型制剂开发策略，以克服与传统疫苗递送系统相关的障碍。纳米颗粒是先进的药物递送载体，通过将疫苗成分包裹在其中来实现靶向递送，从而使其在不利条件下保持稳定。本文综述详细概述了不同类型的纳米载体以及可增强口服疫苗递送的各种方法。
