Xu Chang, Yang Xiaolong, Liang Zhenye, Jiang Zongzheng, Chen Hu, Han Fenglu, Jia Yongyi, Li Erchao
Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China.
Aquac Nutr. 2023 Jan 12;2023:6925320. doi: 10.1155/2023/6925320. eCollection 2023.
The optimal supplementation of lipid nutrients in the diet showed crucial physiological functions in gonadal development and maturation in adult female aquatic animals. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with no extra lecithin supplementation (control), 2% soybean lecithin (SL), egg yolk lecithin (EL), or krill oil (KO) supplementation were formulated for (72.32 ± 3.58 g). Ovary development and physiological characteristics of crayfish were evaluated after a 10-week feeding trial. The results indicated that SL, EL, or KO supplementation all significantly increased the gonadosomatic index, especially in the KO group. Crayfish fed the diet with SL showed the highest hepatosomatic index compared with those fed the other experimental diets. KO was more efficient than SL and EL in promoting triacylglycerol and cholesterol deposition in the ovary and hepatopancreas but also showed the lowest concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum. KO significantly increased yolk granule deposition and accelerated oocyte maturation than other experimental groups. Furthermore, dietary phospholipids significantly enhanced the gonad-stimulating hormone concentration in the ovary and reduced the secretion of gonad-inhibiting hormones in the eyestalk. KO supplementation also significantly improved organic antioxidant capacity. From the ovarian lipidomics results, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are two main glycerophospholipids that respond to different dietary phospholipids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3) were pivotal participants during ovarian development of crayfish regardless of lipid type. Combined with the ovarian transcriptome, the best positive function of KO was due to activated steroid hormone biosynthesis, sphingolipid signaling, retinol metabolism, lipolysis, starch and sucrose metabolism, vitamin digestion and absorption, and pancreatic secretion. As a consequence, dietary supplementation with SL, EL, or KO all improved the ovarian development quality of , especially KO, which was the optimum choice for promoting ovary development in adult female .
日粮中脂质营养素的最佳补充对成年雌性水生动物的性腺发育和成熟具有关键的生理功能。为体重（72.32±3.58克）的小龙虾配制了四种等氮等脂日粮，分别为不额外添加卵磷脂的对照组、添加2%大豆卵磷脂（SL）、蛋黄卵磷脂（EL）或磷虾油（KO）的日粮。经过10周的投喂试验后，评估了小龙虾的卵巢发育和生理特征。结果表明，添加SL、EL或KO均显著提高了性腺指数，尤其是KO组。与投喂其他试验日粮的小龙虾相比，投喂含SL日粮的小龙虾肝体指数最高。KO在促进卵巢和肝胰腺中三酰甘油和胆固醇沉积方面比SL和EL更有效，但血清中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度最低。与其他试验组相比，KO显著增加了卵黄颗粒沉积并加速了卵母细胞成熟。此外，日粮中的磷脂显著提高了卵巢中性腺刺激激素的浓度，并减少了眼柄中性腺抑制激素的分泌。添加KO还显著提高了机体抗氧化能力。从卵巢脂质组学结果来看，磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺是两种对不同日粮磷脂有反应的主要甘油磷脂。无论脂质类型如何，多不饱和脂肪酸（尤其是C18:2n-6、C18:3n-3、C20:4n-6、C20:5n-3和C22:6n-3）都是小龙虾卵巢发育过程中的关键参与者。结合卵巢转录组分析，KO的最佳正向功能归因于激活的类固醇激素生物合成、鞘脂信号传导、视黄醇代谢、脂肪分解、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、维生素消化吸收以及胰腺分泌。因此，日粮中添加SL、EL或KO均改善了小龙虾的卵巢发育质量，尤其是KO，它是促进成年雌性小龙虾卵巢发育的最佳选择。
