Mbiri Jane Wanja, Ogila Kenneth, Kisangau Patrick, Gicheru Michael
Department of Life Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya.
Department of Zoology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology, Juja, Kenya.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2023 Feb 21;2023:9293335. doi: 10.1155/2023/9293335. eCollection 2023.
is widely used in folklore medicine and has diverse biological activities. However, its effect on the immune system is yet to be studied. Therefore, our study evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of on nonspecific immunity. Innate immunity is the initial defence phase against pathogens or injuries. Dichloromethane plant extracts were tested on female Swiss albino mice and Wister rats. The effect of the extract on innate immunity was assessed via total and differential leukocyte counts, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages. The 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was employed for viability testing. Phytochemical profiling was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while toxicity studies were carried out following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. Our results demonstrated that administration of stem bark dichloromethane extract to pyrogallol-immuno compromised mice significantly ( < 0.05) increased total and differential leukocyte counts compared with the control. The extract showed no adverse effect on the viability of Vero cells and macrophages and significantly ( < 0.05) augmented tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production. Hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, octadecanoic acid, squalene, campesterol, stigmasterol, and -sitosterol, all of which stimulate, were identified in the extract. The extract did not cause any death or toxic signs in rats. In conclusion, dichloromethane extract has an immunoenhancing effect on innate immune responses and is not toxic. The observed immunoenhancing impact of the extract was attributed to the presence of the identified compounds. The results of this study provide crucial ethnopharmacological leads towards the development of novel immunomodulators for managing immune-related disorders.
它在民间医学中广泛应用且具有多种生物活性。然而，其对免疫系统的影响尚未得到研究。因此，我们的研究评估了[具体物质]对非特异性免疫的免疫调节作用。固有免疫是针对病原体或损伤的初始防御阶段。二氯甲烷植物提取物在雌性瑞士白化小鼠和Wistar大鼠身上进行了测试。通过小鼠巨噬细胞的白细胞总数和分类计数、肿瘤坏死因子-α以及一氧化氮生成来评估提取物对固有免疫的影响。采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐法进行活力测试。使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行植物化学分析，同时按照经济合作与发展组织的指南进行毒性研究。我们的结果表明，与对照组相比，给连苯三酚免疫受损小鼠施用[具体植物名称]茎皮二氯甲烷提取物显著（P<0.05）增加了白细胞总数和分类计数。该提取物对Vero细胞和巨噬细胞的活力没有不良影响，并且显著（P<0.05）增强了肿瘤坏死因子-α和一氧化氮的生成。提取物中鉴定出了十六烷酸、亚油酸、十八烷酸、角鲨烯、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇，所有这些物质都具有刺激作用。该提取物在大鼠中未引起任何死亡或毒性迹象。总之，[具体植物名称]二氯甲烷提取物对固有免疫反应具有免疫增强作用且无毒。提取物观察到的免疫增强作用归因于所鉴定出的化合物。本研究结果为开发用于管理免疫相关疾病的新型免疫调节剂提供了关键的民族药理学线索。
