Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Mar;117(3):540-552. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.020. Epub 2022 Dec 22.
Dietary patterns high in healthy minimally processed plant foods play an important role in modulating the gut microbiome and promoting cardiometabolic health. Little is known on the diet-gut microbiome relationship in US Hispanics/Latinos, who have a high burden of obesity and diabetes.
In a cross-sectional analysis, we sought to examine the relationships of 3 healthy dietary patterns-the alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, and the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI)-with the gut microbiome in US Hispanic/Latino adults, and to study the association of diet-related species with cardiometabolic traits.
The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is a multi-site community-based cohort. At baseline (2008-2011), diet was assessed by using 2, 24-hour recalls. Shotgun sequencing was performed on stool samples collected in 2014-17 (n = 2444). Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes 2 (ANCOM2) was used to identify the associations of dietary pattern scores with gut microbiome species and functions, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical covariates.
Better diet quality according to multiple healthy dietary patterns was associated with a higher abundance of species from class Clostridia, including [Eubacterium] eligens, Butyrivibrio crossotus, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium TF01-11, but functions related to better diet quality differed for the dietary patterns (e.g., aMED with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, hPDI with L-arabinose/lactose transport). Poorer diet quality was associated with a higher abundance of Acidaminococcus intestini and with functions of manganese/iron transport, adhesin protein transport, and nitrate reduction. Some healthy diet pattern-enriched Clostridia species were related to more favorable cardiometabolic traits such as lower triglycerides and waist-to-hip ratio.
Healthy dietary patterns in this population are associated with a higher abundance of fiber-fermenting Clostridia species in the gut microbiome, consistent with previous studies in other racial/ethnic groups. Gut microbiota may be involved in the beneficial effect of higher diet quality on cardiometabolic disease risk.
富含健康的轻度加工植物性食物的饮食模式在调节肠道微生物群和促进心脏代谢健康方面发挥着重要作用。在美国西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群中，对饮食-肠道微生物群关系的了解甚少，他们肥胖和糖尿病的负担很重。
在一项横断面分析中，我们旨在研究三种健康的饮食模式——替代地中海饮食（aMED）、健康饮食指数（HEI-2015）和健康植物性饮食指数（hPDI）与美国西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人肠道微生物群的关系，并研究与饮食相关的物种与心脏代谢特征的关联。
西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁裔研究是一个多地点社区为基础的队列。在基线（2008-2011 年），通过使用 2 个 24 小时的回忆来评估饮食。在 2014-17 年收集粪便样本进行了 shotgun 测序（n=2444）。使用菌群组成分析 2（ANCOM2）来识别饮食模式评分与肠道微生物群物种和功能的关联，同时调整了社会人口统计学、行为和临床协变量。
根据多种健康饮食模式，更好的饮食质量与类梭菌属物种的丰度增加有关，包括[真杆菌属] eligens、Butyrivibrio crossotus 和 Lachnospiraceae bacterium TF01-11，但不同的饮食模式与更好的饮食质量相关的功能不同（例如，aMED 与丙酮酸：铁氧还蛋白氧化还原酶相关，hPDI 与 L-阿拉伯糖/乳糖转运相关）。较差的饮食质量与 Acidaminococcus intestini 的丰度增加以及锰/铁转运、黏附蛋白转运和硝酸盐还原等功能有关。一些富含健康饮食模式的梭菌物种与更好的心脏代谢特征相关，如甘油三酯和腰臀比降低。
在该人群中，健康的饮食模式与肠道微生物群中纤维发酵梭菌属物种的丰度增加有关，这与其他种族/民族群体的先前研究一致。肠道微生物群可能参与了更高的饮食质量对心脏代谢疾病风险的有益影响。
