Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Nat Med. 2021 Feb;27(2):321-332. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-01183-8. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
The gut microbiome is shaped by diet and influences host metabolism; however, these links are complex and can be unique to each individual. We performed deep metagenomic sequencing of 1,203 gut microbiomes from 1,098 individuals enrolled in the Personalised Responses to Dietary Composition Trial (PREDICT 1) study, whose detailed long-term diet information, as well as hundreds of fasting and same-meal postprandial cardiometabolic blood marker measurements were available. We found many significant associations between microbes and specific nutrients, foods, food groups and general dietary indices, which were driven especially by the presence and diversity of healthy and plant-based foods. Microbial biomarkers of obesity were reproducible across external publicly available cohorts and in agreement with circulating blood metabolites that are indicators of cardiovascular disease risk. While some microbes, such as Prevotella copri and Blastocystis spp., were indicators of favorable postprandial glucose metabolism, overall microbiome composition was predictive for a large panel of cardiometabolic blood markers including fasting and postprandial glycemic, lipemic and inflammatory indices. The panel of intestinal species associated with healthy dietary habits overlapped with those associated with favorable cardiometabolic and postprandial markers, indicating that our large-scale resource can potentially stratify the gut microbiome into generalizable health levels in individuals without clinically manifest disease.
肠道微生物群受饮食影响，并影响宿主代谢；然而，这些联系是复杂的，并且可能因人而异。我们对参加个性化饮食成分反应试验（PREDICT1）研究的 1098 个人的 1203 个肠道微生物组进行了深度宏基因组测序，这些个体的详细长期饮食信息以及数百个空腹和同餐餐后心血管代谢血液标志物测量值均可获得。我们发现微生物与特定营养素、食物、食物组和一般饮食指数之间存在许多显著关联，这些关联主要是由健康和植物性食物的存在和多样性驱动的。肥胖的微生物生物标志物在外部公开可用队列中具有可重复性，并且与心血管疾病风险的循环血液代谢物一致，这些代谢物是心血管疾病风险的指标。虽然一些微生物，如Prevotella copri 和 Blastocystis spp.，是餐后葡萄糖代谢良好的指标，但总体微生物组组成可预测包括空腹和餐后血糖、血脂和炎症指数在内的大量心血管代谢血液标志物。与健康饮食习惯相关的肠道物种与与有利的心血管代谢和餐后标志物相关的物种重叠，这表明我们的大规模资源有可能将肠道微生物组在没有临床明显疾病的个体中分层为可推广的健康水平。
