OVC Health Sciences Centre, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
Can Vet J. 2023 Mar;64(3):225-234.
To investigate the incidence of corneal ulceration (CU) and establish risk factors for dogs referred to an academic referral hospital in Ontario, Canada.
Dogs (N = 1101).
Type of CU, number of CU diagnoses, breed, skull conformation, weight, sex, neuter status, age, and comorbidities were analyzed for simple CU, spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs), and complex CU. Complex ulcers were subdivided into deep, presence of keratomalacia, descemetoceles, and corneal lacerations and foreign bodies (CLFB).
The inclusion criteria were met by 347 dogs and 754 served as a control population of non-corneal ulceration (NCU) cases. Complex ulcers predominated ( = 134; 38.5%), including deep ( = 41; 11.8%), with keratomalacia ( = 20; 5.7%), descemetocele ( = 59; 17.0%), and CLFB ( = 14; 4.0%). Shih tzus were most predominant for every ulcer type, except for boxers for SCCEDs. Brachycephalic breeds have 2.757 greater odds ( < 0.0001) of presenting for CU, and 2.695 greater odds ( < 0.0001) of having a complex CU. Each 1 kg decrease in body weight increased odds of CU diagnosis by 1.3%. Yearly increase in age augmented the odds of CU diagnosis by 8.9% ( < 0.0001); older dogs were more likely to have SCCEDs ( = 0.0040) and keratomalacia ( = 0.0257). Comorbidities increased odds of repeat CU diagnosis ( = 0.0024). Dogs with diabetes mellitus ( = 0.0318) had higher odds of SCCEDs.
Skull conformation, age, body weight, and comorbidities were identified risk factors for CU.
Knowledge of risk factors will help veterinarians triage at risk demographics.
调查角膜溃疡（CU）的发生率，并确定在加拿大安大略省一家学术转诊医院就诊的犬只的 CU 风险因素。
犬（N=1101）。
对简单 CU、自发性慢性角膜上皮缺损（SCCEDs）和复杂 CU 进行 CU 类型、CU 诊断数量、品种、颅骨形态、体重、性别、绝育状态、年龄和合并症分析。复杂溃疡分为深部溃疡、存在角膜软化、角膜后弹力层膨出和角膜裂伤及异物（CLFB）。
符合纳入标准的 347 只犬和 754 只作为非角膜溃疡（NCU）病例的对照人群。复杂溃疡占主导地位（=134；38.5%），包括深部溃疡（=41；11.8%）、角膜软化（=20；5.7%）、角膜后弹力层膨出（=59；17.0%）和 CLFB（=14；4.0%）。除了拳击犬，西施犬在每种溃疡类型中都占主导地位。短头犬种发生 CU 的可能性是其他犬种的 2.757 倍（<0.0001），发生复杂 CU 的可能性是其他犬种的 2.695 倍（<0.0001）。体重每减少 1 公斤，CU 诊断的可能性增加 1.3%。每年年龄增加会使 CU 诊断的可能性增加 8.9%（<0.0001）；年龄较大的犬更有可能患有 SCCEDs（=0.0040）和角膜软化（=0.0257）。合并症增加了重复 CU 诊断的可能性（=0.0024）。患有糖尿病的犬（=0.0318）患有 SCCEDs 的可能性更高。
颅骨形态、年龄、体重和合并症是 CU 的危险因素。
了解风险因素将有助于兽医分诊高危人群。
