Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), Giessen, Germany.
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Jan 1;299:120167. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120167. Epub 2022 Sep 28.
In December 2019, the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which infects host cells primarily through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. In addition to ACE2, several studies have shown the importance of heparan sulfate (HS) on the host cell surface as a co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2-binding. This insight has driven research into antiviral therapies, aimed at inhibiting the HS co-receptor-binding, e.g., by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a family of sulfated polysaccharides that includes HS. Several GAGs, such as heparin (a highly sulfated analog of HS), are used to treat various health indications, including COVID-19. This review is focused on current research on the involvement of HS in SARS-CoV-2 infection, implications of viral mutations, as well as the use of GAGs and other sulfated polysaccharides as antiviral agents.
2019 年 12 月，全球冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）大流行在中国武汉开始。COVID-19 是由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的，它主要通过血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）受体感染宿主细胞。除 ACE2 外，几项研究表明，宿主细胞表面的肝素硫酸盐（HS）作为 SARS-CoV-2 结合的辅助受体的重要性。这一见解推动了抗病毒治疗的研究，旨在抑制 HS 辅助受体结合，例如通过糖胺聚糖（GAGs），即包括 HS 的一类硫酸多糖。肝素（HS 的高度硫酸化类似物）等几种 GAG 被用于治疗各种健康病症，包括 COVID-19。本综述重点介绍了 HS 在 SARS-CoV-2 感染中的作用、病毒突变的影响，以及 GAG 和其他硫酸多糖作为抗病毒药物的应用。
