Environmentally Adaptable Organo-Ionic Gel-Based Electrodes for Real-Time On-Skin Electrocardiography Monitoring.

On-skin personal electrocardiography (ECG) devices, which can monitor real-time cardiac autonomic changes, have been widely applied to predict cardiac diseases and save lives. However, current interface electrodes fail to be unconditionally and universally applicable, often losing their efficiency and functionality under harsh atmospheric conditions (e.g., underwater, abnormal temperature, and humidity). Herein, an environmentally adaptable organo-ionic gel-based electrode (OIGE) is developed with a facile one-pot synthesis of highly conductive choline-based ionic liquid ([DMAEA-Q] [TFSI], I.L.) and monomers (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate (TFEA) and N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA). In virtue of inherent conductivity, self-responsive hydrophobic barriers, dual-solvent effect, and multiple interfacial interactions, this OIGE features distinct sweat and water-resistance, anti-freezing and anti-dehydration properties with strong adhesiveness and electrical stability under all kinds of circumstances. In contrast to the dysfunction of commercial gel electrodes (CGEs), this OIGE with stronger adhesion as well as skin tolerability can realize a real-time and accurate collection of ECG signals under multiple extreme conditions, including aquatic environments (sweat and underwater), cryogenic (<-20°C) and arid (dehydration) environments. Therefore, the OIGE shows great prospects in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases and paves new horizons for multi-harsh environmental personalized healthcare.