Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
Nat Microbiol. 2023 Apr;8(4):651-665. doi: 10.1038/s41564-023-01342-w. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
Members of the bacterial genus Sulfurimonas (phylum Campylobacterota) dominate microbial communities in marine redoxclines and are important for sulfur and nitrogen cycling. Here we used metagenomics and metabolic analyses to characterize a Sulfurimonas from the Gakkel Ridge in the Central Arctic Ocean and Southwest Indian Ridge, showing that this species is ubiquitous in non-buoyant hydrothermal plumes at Mid Ocean Ridges across the global ocean. One Sulfurimonas species, Sulfurimonas pluma, was found to be globally abundant and active in cold (<0-4 °C), oxygen-saturated and hydrogen-rich hydrothermal plumes. Compared with other Sulfurimonas species, S. pluma has a reduced genome (>17%) and genomic signatures of an aerobic chemolithotrophic metabolism using hydrogen as an energy source, including acquisition of A2-type oxidase and loss of nitrate and nitrite reductases. The dominance and unique niche of S. pluma in hydrothermal plumes suggest an unappreciated biogeochemical role for Sulfurimonas in the deep ocean.
（属名）硫单胞菌属的成员（变形菌门）在海洋氧化还原梯度带的微生物群落中占主导地位，对硫和氮循环很重要。在这里，我们使用宏基因组学和代谢分析来描述一种来自北极中央洋脊和西南印度洋脊的硫单胞菌，表明该物种在全球海洋中中洋脊的非浮式热液羽流中普遍存在且活跃。一种硫单胞菌，硫单胞菌属，在寒冷（<0-4°C）、含氧饱和和富含氢气的热液羽流中被发现是全球丰富和活跃的。与其他硫单胞菌属的物种相比，S. pluma 的基因组较小（>17%），并且具有使用氢气作为能源的需氧化能自养代谢的基因组特征，包括获得 A2 型氧化酶和硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原酶的缺失。S. pluma 在热液羽流中的优势地位和独特生态位表明硫单胞菌在深海中的生物地球化学作用未被充分认识。
