Lauer Günter, Pradel Winnie, Birdir Cahit
Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund‑, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.
Universitäts Kinder-Frauenzentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.
HNO. 2023 Apr;71(4):276-284. doi: 10.1007/s00106-023-01291-0.
With a frequency of 1 per 500 live births, a cleft lip and palate is one of the most frequent congenital malformations. Untreated, it leads to disturbances in feeding, speech, hearing, tooth position and esthetics. A multifactorial genesis is assumed. The fusion of the different facial processes takes place in the first 3 months of pregnancy and a cleft can develop during this time. Surgical treatment includes the early anatomical and functional restoration of the affected structures within the first year of life in order to enable normal intake of food, articulation, nasal breathing and middle ear ventilation. Breastfeeding is possible in children with a cleft formation but alternative feeding methods, such as finger feeding, often have to be used. In addition to the surgery for primary closure of the cleft, otorhinolaryngological (ENT) interventions, speech therapy, orthodontic treatment as well as other surgical interventions are part of the interdisciplinary treatment concept.
唇腭裂是最常见的先天性畸形之一，每500例活产中就有1例发生。若不治疗，会导致喂养、言语、听力、牙齿位置和美观方面的障碍。一般认为其病因是多因素的。不同面部结构的融合在怀孕的前3个月进行，在此期间可能会出现腭裂。手术治疗包括在生命的第一年内对受影响结构进行早期解剖和功能修复，以实现正常进食、发音、鼻呼吸和中耳通气。有腭裂的儿童可以进行母乳喂养，但通常需要使用替代喂养方法，如手指喂食。除了腭裂一期闭合手术外，耳鼻喉科（ENT）干预、言语治疗、正畸治疗以及其他手术干预也是跨学科治疗理念的一部分。
