Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110 019, India.
ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110 077, India.
Malar J. 2023 Mar 11;22(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s12936-023-04524-3.
Attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) is a promising "attract and kill"-based approach for mosquito control. It is a combination of flower nectar/fruit juice to attract the mosquitoes, sugar solution to stimulate feeding, and a toxin to kill them. Selecting an effective attractant and optimizing concentration of toxicant is significant in the formulation of ATSB.
Current study formulated an ATSB using fruit juice, sugar and deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid. It was evaluated against two laboratory strains of Anopheles stephensi. Initial studies evaluated comparative attractiveness of nine different fruit juices to An. stephensi adults. Nine ASBs were prepared by adding fermented juices of plum, guava, sweet lemon, orange, mango, pineapple, muskmelon, papaya, and watermelon with 10% sucrose solution (w/v) in 1:1 ratio. Cage bioassays were conducted to assess relative attraction potential of ASBs based on the number of mosquito landings on each and the most effective ASB was identified. Ten ATSBs were prepared by adding the identified ASB with different deltamethrin concentrations (0.015625-8.0 mg/10 mL) in 1:9 ratio. Each ATSB was assessed for the toxic potential against both the strains of An. stephensi. The data was statistically analysed using PASW (SPSS) software 19.0 program.
The cage bioassays with nine ASBs revealed higher efficacy (p < 0.05) of Guava juice-ASB > Plum juice-ASB > Mango juice-ASB in comparison to rest of the six ASB's. The bioassay with these three ASB's ascertained the highest attractancy potential of guava juice-ASB against both the strains of An. stephensi. The ATSB formulations resulted in 5.1-97.9% mortality in Sonepat (NIMR strain) with calculated LC, LC and LC values of 0.17 mg deltamethrin/10 mL, 0.61 mg deltamethrin/10 mL, and 13.84 mg deltamethrin/10 mL ATSB, respectively. Whereas, 6.12-86.12% mortality was recorded in the GVD-Delhi (AND strain) with calculated LC, LC, and LC values of 0.25 mg deltamethrin/10 mL, 0.73 mg deltamethrin/10 mL and 10.22 mg deltamethrin/10 mL ATSB, respectively.
The ATSB formulated with guava juice-ASB and deltamethrin (0.0015625-0.8%) in 9:1 ratio showed promising results against two laboratory strains of An. stephensi. Field assessment of these formulations is being conducted to estimate their feasibility for use in mosquito control.
有吸引力的有毒糖诱饵（ATSB）是一种有前途的基于“吸引和杀死”的蚊子控制方法。它是花蜜/果汁的组合，以吸引蚊子，糖溶液刺激取食，以及毒素杀死它们。选择有效的引诱剂并优化毒物浓度在 ATSB 的配方中非常重要。
本研究用水果汁、糖和拟除虫菊酯（一种合成除虫菊酯）配制了 ATSB。它被评估了对两种实验室品系的致倦库蚊的效果。最初的研究评估了九种不同的果汁对致倦库蚊成虫的相对吸引力。通过将发酵的李子、番石榴、甜柠檬、橙子、芒果、菠萝、香瓜、木瓜和西瓜汁与 10%蔗糖溶液（w/v）以 1:1 的比例混合，制备了九种 ASB。通过记录每只笼子上的蚊子降落数量来进行笼式生物测定，以评估 ASB 的相对吸引力，从而确定最有效的 ASB。通过添加不同浓度的拟除虫菊酯（0.015625-8.0mg/10mL），以 1:9 的比例制备了十种 ATSB。对每一种 ATSB 对两种致倦库蚊品系的毒性潜力进行了评估。使用 PASW（SPSS）软件 19.0 程序对数据进行了统计学分析。
用九种 ASB 进行的笼式生物测定显示，番石榴汁-ASB（Guava juice-ASB）比李子汁-ASB（Plum juice-ASB）和芒果汁-ASB（Mango juice-ASB）更有效（p<0.05）。这三种 ASB 的生物测定确定了番石榴汁-ASB 对两种致倦库蚊品系的最高吸引力。ATSB 制剂在索奈帕特（NIMR 株）中导致 5.1-97.9%的死亡率，计算的 LC、LC 和 LC 值分别为 0.17mg 除虫菊酯/10mL、0.61mg 除虫菊酯/10mL 和 13.84mg 除虫菊酯/10mL ATSB。而在 GVD-德里（AND 株）中记录了 6.12-86.12%的死亡率，计算的 LC、LC 和 LC 值分别为 0.25mg 除虫菊酯/10mL、0.73mg 除虫菊酯/10mL 和 10.22mg 除虫菊酯/10mL ATSB。
用番石榴汁-ASB 和拟除虫菊酯（0.0015625-0.8%）以 9:1 的比例配制的 ATSB 对两种实验室品系的致倦库蚊表现出有希望的结果。正在对这些制剂进行野外评估，以估计它们在蚊子控制中的可行性。
