Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa.
School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 28;20(5):4365. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054365.
Annually, an estimate of 2.3 million workers die prematurely due to occupational injuries and illnesses. In this study, a risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the compliance of 132 kV electric distribution substations and proximal residential areas with the South African occupational health and safety Act 85 of 1993. Data were collected from 30 electric distribution substations and 30 proximal residential areas using a checklist. Distribution substations of 132 kV were assigned an overall compliance value of ≥80%, while a composite risk value of < 0.5 was assigned to individual residential areas. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check for data normality before multiple comparisons and the Bonferroni adjustment was applied. Non-compliances in electric distribution substations were as a result of poor housekeeping and inappropriate fencing conditions. Ninety-three percent of the electric distribution substations (28/30) scored < 75% compliance on housekeeping and 30% (7/30) were non-compliant (<100%) on fencing. Conversely, there was compliance in the proximal residential areas concerning the substations. Statistically significant differences were found when substation positioning and surrounding infrastructure ( < 0.00), electromagnetic field sources ( < 0.00) and maintenance/general tidiness ( < 0.00) were compared. A peak risk value of 0.6 was observed when comparing the substation positioning with proximal electromagnetic field sources in the residential area. Housekeeping and fencing in the distribution substations must be improved to prevent occupational incidents such as injuries, fire outbreaks, theft and vandalism.
每年，有 230 万工人因职业伤害和疾病而过早死亡。在这项研究中，进行了风险评估，以评估 132kV 配电站和附近居民区遵守南非 1993 年第 85 号职业健康和安全法案的情况。使用清单从 30 个配电站和 30 个附近居民区收集数据。132kV 配电所的整体合规值≥80%，而个别居民区的综合风险值<0.5。在进行多重比较之前，使用 Shapiro-Wilk 检验检查数据正态性，应用 Bonferroni 调整。配电所的不合规是由于卫生条件差和围栏条件不当造成的。93%的配电所（28/30）在卫生方面的合规评分<75%，30%（7/30）在围栏方面不合规（<100%）。相反，附近居民区的配电站符合要求。当比较变电站位置和周围基础设施（<0.00）、电磁场源（<0.00）和维护/一般整洁度（<0.00）时，发现了统计学上的显著差异。在比较居民区中变电站位置和附近电磁场源时，观察到风险峰值为 0.6。必须改善配电所的卫生和围栏，以防止发生职业事故，如伤害、火灾、盗窃和破坏行为。
