Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani n 2, 35122 Padova, Italy.
Nutrients. 2023 Mar 1;15(5):1244. doi: 10.3390/nu15051244.
Obesity is increasing in all age groups and, consequently, its incidence has also risen in women of childbearing age. In Europe, the prevalence of maternal obesity varies from 7 to 25%. Maternal obesity is associated with short- and long-term adverse outcomes for both mother and child, and it is necessary to reduce weight before gestation to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Bariatric surgery is an important treatment option for people with severe obesity. The number of surgeries performed is increasing worldwide, even in women of reproductive age, because improving fertility is a motivating factor. Nutritional intake after bariatric surgery is dependent on type of surgery, presence of symptoms, such as pain and nausea, and complications. There is also a risk of malnutrition after bariatric surgery. In particular, during pregnancy following bariatric surgery, there is a risk of protein and calorie malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies due to increased maternal and fetal demand and possibly due to reduction of food intake (nausea, vomiting). As such, it is necessary to monitor and manage nutrition in pregnancy following bariatric surgery with a multidisciplinary team to avoid any deficiencies in each trimester and to ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus.
肥胖在所有年龄段都呈上升趋势，因此，育龄妇女的肥胖发病率也有所上升。在欧洲，孕产妇肥胖的患病率在 7%至 25%之间不等。孕产妇肥胖与母婴的短期和长期不良结局相关，有必要在妊娠前减轻体重，以改善母婴结局。减重手术是严重肥胖患者的重要治疗选择。全世界接受手术的人数都在增加，即使是在育龄妇女中，因为提高生育能力是一个重要的动机。减重手术后的营养摄入取决于手术类型、疼痛和恶心等症状的存在以及并发症。减重手术后也有发生营养不良的风险。特别是在减重手术后怀孕时，由于母体和胎儿的需求增加，以及可能由于食物摄入减少（恶心、呕吐），可能会出现蛋白质和卡路里营养不良以及微量营养素缺乏的风险。因此，有必要通过多学科团队在减重手术后的妊娠期间进行营养监测和管理，以避免每个孕期出现任何营养缺乏，并确保母婴的健康。
