School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, Shanghai, China.
Food Microbiol. 2023 Jun;112:104242. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104242. Epub 2023 Feb 21.
Contaminations of pathogenic and spoilage microbes on foods are threatening food safety and quality, highlighting the importance of developing antimicrobial agents. According to different working mechanisms, the antimicrobial activities of yeast-based agents were summarized from two aspects: antagonism and encapsulation. Antagonistic yeasts are usually applied as biocontrol agents for the preservation of fruits and vegetables via inactivating spoilage microbes, usually phytopathogens. This review systematically summarized various species of antagonistic yeasts, potential combinations to improve the antimicrobial efficiency, and the antagonistic mechanisms. The wide applications of the antagonistic yeasts are significantly limited by undesirable antimicrobial efficiency, poor environmental resistance, and a narrow antimicrobial spectrum. Another strategy for achieving effective antimicrobial activity is to encapsulate various chemical antimicrobial agents into a yeast-based carrier that has been previously inactivated. This is accomplished by immersing the dead yeast cells with porous structure in an antimicrobial suspension and applying high vacuum pressure to allow the agents to diffuse inside the yeast cells. Typical antimicrobial agents encapsulated in the yeast carriers have been reviewed, including chlorine-based biocides, antimicrobial essential oils, and photosensitizers. Benefiting from the existence of the inactive yeast carrier, the antimicrobial efficiencies and functional durability of the encapsulated antimicrobial agents, such as chlorine-based agents, essential oils, and photosensitizers, are significantly improved compared with the unencapsulated ones.
食源性病原体和腐败微生物的污染对食品安全和质量构成威胁，凸显了开发抗菌剂的重要性。根据不同的工作机制，从拮抗性和包封性两个方面总结了基于酵母的抗菌剂的抗菌活性。拮抗性酵母通常通过使腐败微生物（通常是植物病原菌）失活来用作水果和蔬菜保鲜的生物防治剂。本综述系统地总结了各种拮抗性酵母、提高抗菌效率的潜在组合以及拮抗机制。由于不理想的抗菌效率、较差的环境抗性和较窄的抗菌谱，拮抗性酵母的广泛应用受到显著限制。实现有效抗菌活性的另一种策略是将各种化学抗菌剂封装到已预先失活的酵母基载体中。通过将具有多孔结构的死酵母细胞浸入抗菌悬浮液中，并施加高真空压力以使试剂扩散到酵母细胞内部来完成此操作。已经综述了封装在酵母载体中的典型抗菌剂，包括含氯杀生剂、抗菌精油和光增敏剂。得益于无活性酵母载体的存在，与未封装的抗菌剂相比，封装的抗菌剂（如含氯剂、精油和光增敏剂）的抗菌效率和功能耐久性得到了显著提高。
