兼职还是全职远程办公？对居家远程办公心理社会风险因素的系统评价。
Part-time or full-time teleworking? A systematic review of the psychosocial risk factors of telework from home.
作者信息
Antunes Evelise Dias, Bridi Leonardo Rodrigues Thomaz, Santos Marta, Fischer Frida Marina
机构信息
Federal Institute of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Catarinense Federal Institute, Videira, Brazil.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2023 Feb 22;14:1065593. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1065593. eCollection 2023.
INTRODUCTION
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic thousands of people have experienced teleworking and this practice is becoming increasingly commonplace. This review aims to highlight the differences in exposure to psychosocial risk factors for health between part-time and full-time teleworking from home.
METHODS
The protocol of the systematic review of the literature was registered on PROSPERO 2020 platform according to the PRISMA statement guidelines. The key words "telework" and "frequency" ("part-time" or "full-time"), together with their synonyms and variations, were searched. Independent researchers conducted the systematic search of 7 databases: Scopus, SciELO, PePSIC; PsycInfo, PubMed, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) and Web of Science. Of the 638 articles identified from 2010 to June 2021, 32 were selected for data extraction. The authors evaluated the risk of bias and quality of evidence of the studies included using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Main themes categorized include 7 dimensions of psychosocial risk factors: work intensity and working hours; emotional demands; autonomy; social relationships at work; conflict of values, work insecurity and home/work interface.
RESULTS
The results revealed scant practice of full-time teleworking prior to the pandemic. Regarding the psychosocial risk factors found, differences were evident before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. For part-time and full-time telework prior to the pandemic, the dimensions of intensification of work and working hours, social relationships at work, and the home-work interface were the most prominent factors. However, studies performed during the COVID-19 pandemic where teleworking was mostly performed full-time, there was an increase in focus on emotional demands and the home-work interface, and a reduction in the other dimensions.
DISCUSSION
Full-time telework brings important changes in working conditions and has the potential to affect living and health conditions of teleworkers. Part-time teleworking may have positive impact on psychosocial risk factors, favoring work-home balance, communication, and social relationships.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=191455, PROSPERO 2020 CRD4202019 1455.
引言
自新冠疫情爆发以来，数以千计的人经历了远程办公，这种做法正变得越来越普遍。本综述旨在强调兼职和全职在家远程办公在接触健康方面的社会心理风险因素上的差异。
方法
根据PRISMA声明指南，在PROSPERO 2020平台上注册了文献系统综述方案。搜索了关键词“远程工作”和“频率”（“兼职”或“全职”）及其同义词和变体。独立研究人员对7个数据库进行了系统检索：Scopus、SciELO、PePSIC；PsycInfo、PubMed、应用社会科学索引与摘要数据库（ASSIA）和科学网。在2010年至2021年6月期间识别出的638篇文章中，选取了32篇进行数据提取。作者使用混合方法评估工具评估了纳入研究的偏倚风险和证据质量。分类的主要主题包括社会心理风险因素的7个维度：工作强度和工作时间；情感需求；自主性；工作中的社会关系；价值观冲突、工作不安全感和家庭/工作界面。
结果
结果显示，在疫情之前全职远程工作的情况很少见。关于发现的社会心理风险因素，在新冠疫情之前和期间存在明显差异。对于疫情之前的兼职和全职远程工作，工作强度和工作时间的强化、工作中的社会关系以及家庭-工作界面等维度是最突出的因素。然而，在新冠疫情期间进行的研究中，远程工作大多是全职进行的，对情感需求和家庭-工作界面的关注增加了，而其他维度则有所减少。
讨论
全职远程工作给工作条件带来了重要变化，并且有可能影响远程工作者的生活和健康状况。兼职远程工作可能对社会心理风险因素产生积极影响，有利于工作与家庭的平衡、沟通和社会关系。
系统综述注册
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=191455，PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020191455 。
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