Heydari Gholamreza
Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Prev Med. 2022 Dec 26;13:152. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_357_21. eCollection 2022.
Few studies have shown that smokers are more likely than non-smokers to have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), whereas some reports indicate that smokers are under-represented among those requiring hospital treatment for this illness. This study was designed and implemented for investigating the severity and outcome of COVID-19 based on smoking.
This was a cross-sectional study implemented in Tehran and Ahvaz with all COVID-19 hospitalization patients from February to June 2021. Four categories selected for severity and worst outcomes. They are admission in the intensive care unit (ICU), lung involvement more than 50%, using more than three medications, and death. A check list of demographic data and smoking history was completed and analyzed.
A total of 11,112 patients were male (61.1%), and the mean age was 47.9 ± 11.3. A total of 1508 smokers (8.3%) were seen with any type of tobacco consumption. The frequency of ICU admission in the smokers is significantly higher than that in non-smokers (23.9% vs. 18.8%). A total of 668 (44.3%) smokers had more than 50% ground glass opacity in lungs, whereas 5340 non-smokers (32.1%) had so. Use of more than three medications in the smokers was significantly higher (70.6% vs. 52%). A comparison between patients based on smoking indicates that the death rate was significantly higher in smokers (31.6% vs. 25.6%).
Although smoking rates in COVID-19 patients are lower than those in the general population, the consequences and mortality are higher in smokers.
很少有研究表明吸烟者比非吸烟者更易感染2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19），而一些报告指出，在因该疾病需要住院治疗的患者中，吸烟者所占比例较低。本研究旨在根据吸烟情况调查COVID-19的严重程度和预后。
这是一项在德黑兰和阿瓦士开展的横断面研究，研究对象为2021年2月至6月期间所有因COVID-19住院的患者。选取了四类严重程度和最差预后情况，分别是入住重症监护病房（ICU）、肺部受累超过50%、使用三种以上药物以及死亡。完成并分析了一份包含人口统计学数据和吸烟史的检查表。
共有11112名患者为男性（61.1%），平均年龄为47.9±11.3岁。共有1508名吸烟者（8.3%），他们有任何类型的烟草消费。吸烟者入住ICU的频率显著高于非吸烟者（23.9%对18.8%）。共有668名（44.3%）吸烟者肺部磨玻璃影超过50%，而5340名非吸烟者（32.1%）有此情况。吸烟者使用三种以上药物的比例显著更高（70.6%对52%）。基于吸烟情况对患者进行的比较表明，吸烟者的死亡率显著更高（31.6%对25.6%）。
尽管COVID-19患者中的吸烟率低于普通人群，但吸烟者的后果和死亡率更高。
