Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
FEBS Lett. 2023 May;597(10):1319-1344. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.14609. Epub 2023 Apr 10.
Chromophore-bearing proteins that are (reversibly) altered after light illumination are major functional components of nature. They gained considerable attention in the last decades since the dynamic interactions of the chromophore and protein matrix can be used to control downstream effects altering the functionality of proteins, cells, or complete organisms with light (optogenetics). Additionally, the photophysical effects can be employed to add capabilities to optical imaging. For example, light can be used to reversibly switch the signal on or off (e.g., fluorescence). In this article, we review chromophore and protein matrix interactions, focusing on photoswitching fluorescent proteins of the GFP family (RSFPs) and natively photoswitching bacteriophytochromes (BphPs). This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the dynamic interplay between photoswitching photophysics and the protein matrix and a thorough discussion on how this connection has been harnessed for the development of optogenetic and imaging tools.
生色团结合蛋白在光照后会发生（可逆）改变，它们是自然界的主要功能成分。在过去几十年中，它们引起了相当大的关注，因为生色团和蛋白质基质的动态相互作用可用于控制下游效应，用光（光遗传学）改变蛋白质、细胞或完整生物体的功能。此外，光物理效应可用于为光学成像添加功能。例如，光可以用于可逆地打开或关闭信号（例如荧光）。在本文中，我们综述了生色团和蛋白质基质的相互作用，重点介绍了 GFP 家族的光致变色荧光蛋白（RSFPs）和天然光致变色细菌视紫红质（BphPs）。本综述旨在深入了解光致变色光物理和蛋白质基质之间的动态相互作用，并全面讨论如何利用这种联系开发光遗传学和成像工具。
