Salih Abdul-Hassan Mahdi, Patra Indrajit, Sivaraman Ramaswamy, Alhamzawi Rahim, Khalikov Kakhor M, Al-Qaim Zahraa Haleem, Golgouneh Sahar, Jawad Mohammed Abed, Adhab Ali Hussein, Vázquez-Cárdenas Andrés Leonardo, Abarghouei Safoura
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq.
NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, India.
Aquac Nutr. 2023 Mar 6;2023:8506738. doi: 10.1155/2023/8506738. eCollection 2023.
This study evaluated the impacts of the probiotic, (), and the extract of hawthorn, , on growth and immunity of the common carp exposed to acetamiprid. Fish (mean ± SE: 11.48 ± 0.1 g) feeding was done with formulated diets ( (control): no supplementation, : 1 × 10 CFU/g LS (), T3: 1 × 10 CFU/g LS, : 0.5% hawthorn extract (HWE), and : 1% HWE) for 60 days and then exposed to acetamiprid for 14 days. The growth performance improved in the fish fed LS at dietary level of 1 × 10 CFU/g, even after exposure to acetamiprid ( < 0.05). Intestinal (CFU/g) load increased ( < 0.05), following supplementation with the probiotic-enriched diet. The LS-treated fish had increases in the activity of digestive enzymes ( < 0.05). Both LS and HWE stimulated antioxidant enzymes and immune system components in serum and mucus (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), protease, total Ig, and lysozyme) ( < 0.05). However, the changes were different depending on the kind of the supplement. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in HWE-treated fish after acetamiprid exposure ( < 0.05). Both LS and HWE reduced the liver metabolic enzymes (LDH, ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH) in serum both before and after exposure to the pesticide ( < 0.05). However, each enzyme exhibited a different change trend depending on the type of the supplement. HWE showed a stress-ameliorating effect, as glucose and cortisol levels declined in the HWE-treated fish ( < 0.05). This study indicated the immunomodulatory impacts of LS (1 × 10 CFU/g) and HWE (at dietary levels of 0.5-1%). The probiotic showed more performance compared to HWE. However, the HWE mitigated oxidative stress more efficiently than the probiotic.
本研究评估了益生菌（）和山楂提取物（）对暴露于啶虫脒的鲤鱼生长和免疫力的影响。用配方饲料喂养鱼类（平均±标准误：11.48±0.1克）（对照：不添加，：1×10CFU/g LS（），T3：1×10CFU/g LS，：0.5%山楂提取物（HWE），：1% HWE）60天，然后暴露于啶虫脒14天。即使在暴露于啶虫脒后，以1×10CFU/g的日粮水平投喂LS的鱼的生长性能也有所改善（<0.05）。补充富含益生菌的日粮后，肠道（CFU/g）负荷增加（<0.05）。经LS处理的鱼的消化酶活性增加（<0.05）。LS和HWE均刺激血清和黏液中的抗氧化酶及免疫系统成分（碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、蛋白酶、总Ig和溶菌酶）（<0.05）。然而，根据补充剂的种类，变化有所不同。啶虫脒暴露后，经HWE处理的鱼的丙二醛（MDA）水平降低（<0.05）。在暴露于农药前后，LS和HWE均降低了血清中的肝脏代谢酶（LDH、ALP、AST、ALT和LDH）（<0.05）。然而，每种酶根据补充剂的类型呈现出不同的变化趋势。HWE显示出应激缓解作用，因为经HWE处理的鱼的葡萄糖和皮质醇水平下降（<0.05）。本研究表明了LS（1×10CFU/g）和HWE（日粮水平为0.5 - 1%）的免疫调节作用。与HWE相比，益生菌表现出更多的性能。然而，HWE比益生菌更有效地减轻氧化应激。
