Applied Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, The Bronx, NY, United States.
Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
Front Public Health. 2023 Feb 27;11:993396. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.993396. eCollection 2023.
Gendered racism against Asian American women has become an increasing public health threat in recent years. Although discrimination (i.e., co-occurring race- and gender-based discrimination) against Asian American women is not new, research on this topic is lacking. The present scoping review sought to explore how Asian American women report experiences of intersectional discrimination through a systematic examination of the current literature. We included studies that or discuss intersectional discrimination. We also aimed to identify indicators of psychological wellbeing and coping associated with these experiences.
Following PRISMA Guidelines for Systematic Scoping Reviews, database searches were conducted for peer-reviewed articles. A total of 1,476 studies were title- and abstract-screened by two independent reviewers. Then, 148 articles were full-text screened for eligibility.
A final sample of 23 studies was identified (15 qualitative and 8 quantitative). Only nine of the included studies explicitly used an intersectional framework. Results from qualitative studies revealed that Asian American women experience intersectional discrimination through fetishization, the ascription of passivity, invalidation through lack of representation and pervasive white beauty ideals, and workplace tokenization and scrutiny. Study findings suggested that Asian American women experience these forms of intersectional discrimination across multiple levels of influence (i.e., internalized, interpersonal, institutional, structural). Findings from both qualitative and quantitative studies also indicated how discrimination, whether explicitly or implicitly intersectional, contributes to adverse mental health outcomes such as body shame, disordered eating, depression, and suicidality. Studies also touched on common coping mechanisms employed by Asian American women when facing or anticipating discrimination, such as avoidance, shifting, proactive coping, and leaning on networks of support. There was a lack of studies using quantitative assessments of intersectional discrimination. Also, most studies did not include disaggregated data by ethnicity, age, sexual identity, religion, socioeconomic status, immigration status, or skin color, all of which are likely to shape their experiences.
Our scoping review highlights how the marginalization of Asian American women is an urgent threat to their mental wellbeing. These findings are discussed to inform future research, interventions, and policy changes that prevent racialized and gendered violence against Asian American women.
近年来，针对亚裔美国女性的性别种族主义已成为日益严重的公共健康威胁。尽管针对亚裔美国女性的歧视（即同时基于种族和性别的歧视）并非新鲜事物，但针对这一主题的研究却很少。本范围综述旨在通过系统审查当前文献，探讨亚裔美国女性如何报告交叉歧视的经历。我们纳入了探讨交叉歧视的研究。我们还旨在确定与这些经历相关的心理健康和应对的指标。
根据 PRISMA 系统范围综述指南，对同行评议文章进行了数据库检索。两名独立审查员对标题和摘要进行了筛选，共筛选出 1,476 项研究。然后，对 148 篇全文进行了资格筛选。
确定了最终的 23 项研究样本（15 项定性研究和 8 项定量研究）。只有 9 项纳入研究明确使用了交叉框架。定性研究的结果表明，亚裔美国女性通过媚俗、被动性归因、代表性不足和普遍的白人美丽理想以及工作场所的象征性和审查来体验交叉歧视。研究结果表明，亚裔美国女性在多个层面的影响下经历了这些形式的交叉歧视（即内化、人际、机构、结构性）。定性和定量研究的结果也表明，歧视（无论是明确的还是隐含的交叉歧视）如何导致身体羞耻、饮食失调、抑郁和自杀意念等不良心理健康结果。研究还提到了亚裔美国女性在面对或预期歧视时使用的常见应对机制，例如回避、转移、积极应对和依靠支持网络。缺乏使用定量评估交叉歧视的研究。此外，大多数研究没有按族裔、年龄、性取向、宗教、社会经济地位、移民身份或肤色对数据进行细分，这些因素都可能影响他们的经历。
我们的范围综述强调了将亚裔美国女性边缘化是对她们心理健康的紧迫威胁。这些发现将用于为未来的研究、干预措施和政策变化提供信息，以防止针对亚裔美国女性的种族和性别暴力。
