Department of Biology, College of Science Al-zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Nursing, Al-Maarif University College, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq.
Environ Res. 2023 Jun 15;227:115683. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115683. Epub 2023 Mar 17.
Management of cancer metastasis has been associated with remarkable reduction in progression of cancer cells and improving survival rate of patients. Since 90% of mortality are due to cancer metastasis, its suppression can improve ability in cancer fighting. The EMT has been an underlying cause in increasing cancer migration and it is followed by mesenchymal transformation of epithelial cells. HCC is the predominant kind of liver tumor threatening life of many people around the world with poor prognosis. Increasing patient prognosis can be obtained via inhibiting tumor metastasis. HCC metastasis modulation by EMT and HCC therapy by nanoparticles are discussed here. First of all, EMT happens during progression and advanced stages of HCC and therefore, its inhibition can reduce tumor malignancy. Moreover, anti-cancer compounds including all-trans retinoic acid and plumbaging, among others, have been considered as inhibitors of EMT. The EMT association with chemoresistance has been evaluated. Moreover, ZEB1/2, TGF-β, Snail and Twist are EMT modulators in HCC and enhancing cancer invasion. Therefore, EMT mechanism and related molecular mechanisms in HCC are evaluated. The treatment of HCC has not been only emphasized on targeting molecular pathways with pharmacological compounds and since drugs have low bioavailability, their targeted delivery by nanoparticles promotes HCC elimination. Moreover, nanoparticle-mediated phototherapy impairs tumorigenesis in HCC by triggering cell death. Metastasis of HCC and even EMT mechanism can be suppressed by cargo-loaded nanoparticles.
癌症转移的管理与显著降低癌细胞的进展和提高患者的生存率有关。由于 90%的死亡率是由于癌症转移，因此抑制它可以提高抗癌能力。 EMT 是增加癌症迁移的根本原因，随后上皮细胞发生间质转化。 HCC 是威胁全球许多人生命的主要肝肿瘤，预后不良。通过抑制肿瘤转移，可以提高患者的预后。本文讨论了 EMT 在 HCC 转移中的作用和纳米粒子治疗 HCC。首先，EMT 发生在 HCC 的进展和晚期阶段，因此，抑制 EMT 可以降低肿瘤的恶性程度。此外，包括全反式维甲酸和铅化合物在内的抗癌化合物已被认为是 EMT 的抑制剂。评估了 EMT 与化疗耐药性的关系。此外，ZEB1/2、TGF-β、Snail 和 Twist 是 HCC 中的 EMT 调节剂，增强了癌症侵袭性。因此，评估了 HCC 中的 EMT 机制和相关分子机制。 HCC 的治疗不仅强调了用药理化合物靶向分子途径，而且由于药物的生物利用度低，通过纳米粒子进行靶向递送可促进 HCC 的消除。此外，纳米粒子介导的光疗通过触发细胞死亡来损害 HCC 的肿瘤发生。载药纳米粒子可抑制 HCC 的转移甚至 EMT 机制。
